Identification of novel signaling molecules controling immune surveillance

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The good control of immune surveillance is socially significant as it is essential for the prevention of severe diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of immune surveillance have not been well defined. Recently, the relationship between exercise and immunity has attracted a lot of attention. Here, we have shown that DUSP16, a JNK-specific MAP kinase phosphatase, is functionally important to deviate Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2. Our research results have also revealed that Cot/Tpl2, an upstream kinase of the MAP kinase cascade, functionally decreases IL-12 p40 mRNA. Thus, these two molecules are considered as key controlling molecules of immune surveillance. We have furthermore shown that the ultrasound, one of the mechanical stresses, can be anti-inflammatory by inhibiting TLR signals.