Development of Ontology Based Curriculum of Emergency Nursing

护理手册是常用的护理手册，但它有一个缺点。手册可以顺序地列举过程，但是没有描述每个过程的目的。本体是人工智能的一种，具有描述对象-过程关系和过程序列的功能，CHARM（Convincing Human Action Approximalized Model）是一个装载在平板电脑上的本体软件。CHARM描述了44个项目（活动）的基本水平的护理手册。培训前、后分别由主管对培训学员进行考核，比较两组考核结果。为了评价使用CHARM的印象，进行了多项选择问卷和自由描述。受训人员评价CHARM的高可见度，使其能够理解程序及其目标。

Nursing manual is often used, but it has a shortcoming. The manual can enumerate procedures sequentially, but an objective of each procedure is not described. Ontology is one of artificial intelligent which has a function to describe both objective-procedure relations and sequences of the procedures.CHARM (Convincing Human Action Rationalized Model) is an ontology software loaded on tablet PC. Forty four items (activities) from elemental level nursing manual were described by the CHARM. Nurse trainees of the nursing were asked to use the tablet PC and refer the ontology when they perform the procedures.Performances of the trainees were evaluated by supervisors before and after the training, then results were compared. In order to evaluate impression of the use of the CHARM multiple choice questionnaire and free description were administered. The trainees appraised high visibility of the CHARM which enables to comprehend both procedures and their objectives.