Neuronal uptake and control of neurite outgrowth by carbon nanotubes

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CNTs coated with NGF promoted the neurite outgrowth of neurons in the same manner as soluble NGF. Both NGF-coated CNTs and amino group-modified CNTs were incorporated into the neurons and promoted phosphorylated ERK in the ERK signaling pathway. CNTs phosphorylated ERK through PKC in the PLC signaling pathway independent of the Ras/Raf/MEK cascade involved in the ERK signaling pathway. Next, we investigated the regulation of neuronal network formation of neurons using NGF-coated CNTs attached to gold vapor deposition substrates. Neurons adhered, elongated neurites and formed neuronal networks on the gold vapor deposition regions with 50-100 μm in width.