Surface phonon dispersion studied by X-ray thermal diffuse scattering

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The atoms in crystals are arranged with regularity, making lattices, and they are thermally vibrating(lattice dynamics). The lattice dynamics of crystal surfaces and ultra-thin films are different from that in crystals. We developed the methodology to detect elastically scattered X-rays from lattice vibrations of surface and ultra-thin films. We prepared bismuth ultra-thin films with thickness less than 10 nm on silicon substrates, and succeeded in observing diffuse X-ray scattering from phonons of ultra-thin films.