Exploration of Optimum Conditions for Sonoporation Effect by Controlling Multi-Phase Flow Field with Microscopic Visualization

在附着的Sonazid微泡的第二次坍塌中，在单个小气泡崩溃的过程中产生了细小的液体射流。在凝胶表面发现了明显的凹坑。在0.01 S&lt；T；T_&gt；&1 S中，纳米级凹坑占主导地位，是由索那唑微泡坍塌引起的，而T_&lt；T；1 S中的微尺度凹坑主要是由空化引起的。我们发现，当施加中等压力幅度为0.45兆帕，占空比为0.1和20个脉冲时，凹坑的数目最多，这一结果几乎与压力为0.75兆帕的连续超声所得到的结果相同。这些结果表明，通过系统地研究超声的特性，可以确定更适合于声操作的条件。

A fine liquid jet was produced during the collapse of individual small gas bubbles in the second collapse of an attached Sonazoid microbubble. Evidential pits are found on the gel surface. Nanoscale pits are dominant in 0.01 s < T_<ex> < 1 s, and caused by the collapse of Sonazoid microbubbles, whereas microscale pits in T_<ex> > 1 s mainly resulted from cavitation. We found the maximum number of pits when a moderate pressure amplitude of 0.45 MPa was applied, together with a duty ratio of 0.1 and 20 pulses, a result that nearly equals that obtained by continuous ultrasound at a pressure of 0.75 MPa. These results suggests that more suitable conditions for sonoporation can be determined by systematically exploring the characteristics of ultrasound.