Characteristics of personality related to health behaviours and a future decline in higher-level functional capacity among elderly Japanese

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The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of psychological state to health behaviours, including nutrient and food intake, and to clarify the associations between psychological state and decline in higher-level functional capacity among elderly. Over the 7-year study period, 21.7% of eligible participants reported decline in higher-level functional capacity. After adjustment for putative confounding factors, traits of higher psychoticism and lower extraversion scores (i.e., introversion) were significantly associated with a decline in higher-level functional capacity at the 7-year follow-up. A better understanding of these personality traits may aid in the identification of at-risk individuals and could help reduce functional decline.