Dissecting themechanism of plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation triggered by hepatitis C virus-infected cells

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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) sense hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cells and produce interferon (IFN) in a cell-contact-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to dissect the molecular mechanism underlying this event. In contrast to conventional pDC signaling, the results show that HCV-infected cells do not activate NF・B despite the robust IFN response, suggesting the unsuspected signaling mechanism unique to the virus-infected cell-triggered pDC activation. The mechanism of HCV RNA transfer from infected cells to pDC remains to be elucidated.