Development of a map of the electricity wastage for night time lighting and a method for predicting the frequency of light pollution by using celestial images

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A method for computing the upward flux from cities, which causes light pollution, was developed by using luminance of the night sky and the reflectance and the heights of the clouds. In order to identify the outdoor lighting environment under power shortage triggered by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, field measurements had been conducted in railway stations. The results showed that nearly 30% of the luminaires was turned off. Based on these results, distribution of the electricity wastage, as well as upward flux, emitted to the sky was illustrated.