Detection and functional analysis of cardiac stem cells

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In this study we further analyzed a molecular role for the Polycomb-rgoup (PcG) complex 1 including Rae28/Phc1 and attempted to identify cardiac stem cells focusing on the expression level of Geminin. PcG complex 1 regulates protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome system as well as transcription through the chromatin regulation. We here identified a novel PcG complex with Pcgf5 in the heart and Gemininhighcellular subpopulations in the heart. Since Gemininhighcells reside in the cardiac atrium, in which there previously shown was the presence of cardiac stem cells, these are presumed to be candidates for cardiac stem cells. On the other hand, expression of Geminin is high in S-phase cells, suggesting an intriguing possibility that Gemininhigh cells are proliferating cells in the adult heart.