Development of age-less tissue-engineered oral mucosa substitute

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Decreasing of WST-8 activity and increasing of GLUT-1 expression suggested that keratinocytes metabolism were shift oxidative metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis in hypoxic culture. Cell cycle profile shows G0/G1 arrest in hypoxic culture. In addition, we assessed p21 expression concomitant with cell cycle analysis because "cycling cells" in G1 phase do not express p21. p21 expression were lower in hypoxic culture suggested that greater number of G1 cells existed in hypoxic culture. Thus, significant higher colony forming efficiency (CFE) shown in cells under hypoxic conditions was due to a higher proportion of cycling cells. Finally, using a tissue-engineered oral mucosa (TEOM) equivalent, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on the epithelial structure for regular and long-term cultivation. The histological examinations showed that the epithelial homeostasis of the TEOM was better sustained in hypoxic condition.