On the gradient-based routing for supporting heterogeneous nodes in Delay Tolerant Networks

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Gradient-based routing, where each node calculates a metric that indicates how useful the node might be in relaying messages to a destination node and transmits messages according to the metric, is a promising approaches for Delay Tolerant Networks. Conventional gradient-based routing methods do not consider node movement when they form a gradient, which may result in inefficient message relays and degraded performance. We devise a gradient-based routing method that incorporates node movements into its gradient, thereby overcoming the inefficient message relay problem. Use of the proposed method reduces the average message delivery delay by up to 50% w hen the nodes travel straight. Its use also substantially reduces the maximum message delivery delay.