Analysis of the cytoplasmic radiation responses by using X-ray microbeam irradiation techniques

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Microbeam cell irradiation system is a powerful tool in the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying biological responses to low-dose radiations. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between irradiation domain in the cells and the cellular responses with new X-ray microbeam irradiation techniques. Our results clearly demonstrated that the signaling process of DNA repair responses were modified via cytoplasmic radiation responses. Furthermore, we found that radiation-induced bystander responses can enhance selective cell killing of genetically unstable cells in the bystander cell population and that this selective cell death may act as a protective mechanism that competes with increases in non-lethal and potentially carcinogenic damages, e.g. mutations. Intracellular communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm plays an important role in determining cell death in the low-dose region. Our findings may provide important information to evaluate the risk of low doses of radiation.