Supercritical fluids as solvents and reaction media

超临界流体是气体化合物或具有典型气体和典型液体之间的性质的化合物的混合物。这些性质可以通过改变压力而平滑地改变。其效果是，超临界流体的行为要么像气体或液体，这取决于热力学性质（p，V，T）的值。这种性质的调整，以及超临界流体的其他有利性质，如非常低的粘度，导致了创新技术。这本书的内容，来自24个研究小组的26篇文章，概述了德国在这一领域的研究活动，由德国研究共同体赞助，从1996年到2002年。这本书包含了科学和工程的基本原理，为新的创新过程中使用超临界流体。超临界流体的进一步应用变得容易。研究成果集中在进一步研究超临界流体的物理和化学性质，传输特性，分离过程（总结在术语“萃取”下），超临界流体中和与超临界流体的化学反应，利用超临界流体的可调特性进行颗粒和材料的工程，而没有进一步开发用于加工厂的机械化合物。

Supercritical fluids are gaseous compounds or mixtures of compounds with properties in between of a typical gas and of a typical liquid. These properties can be smoothly changed by varying the pressure. The effect is that supercritical fluids behave either like a gas or a liquid, depending on the values of thermodynamic properties (p, V, T). This tuning of properties, and other advantageous properties of supercritical fluids like a very low viscosity, led to innovative technologies. The content of this book, 26 articles from 24 research groups, provides an overview on the research activities in this field in Germany, sponsored by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft from 1996 to 2002. The book contains scientific and engineering fundamentals for new innovative processes using supercritical fluids. Further applications of supercritical fluids are made accessible. Research results concentrate on further investigation of physical and chemical properties of supercritical fluids, transport properties, separation processes (summarized under the term "extraction"), chemical reactions in and with supercritical fluids, making use of the tuneable properties of supercritical fluids for engineering of particles and materials, and no further develop mechanical compounds for processing plants.