Supercritical fluids as solvents and reaction media

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Supercritical fluids are gaseous compounds or mixtures of compounds with properties in between of a typical gas and of a typical liquid. These properties can be smoothly changed by varying the pressure. The effect is that supercritical fluids behave either like a gas or a liquid, depending on the values of thermodynamic properties (p, V, T). This tuning of properties, and other advantageous properties of supercritical fluids like a very low viscosity, led to innovative technologies. The content of this book, 26 articles from 24 research groups, provides an overview on the research activities in this field in Germany, sponsored by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft from 1996 to 2002. The book contains scientific and engineering fundamentals for new innovative processes using supercritical fluids. Further applications of supercritical fluids are made accessible. Research results concentrate on further investigation of physical and chemical properties of supercritical fluids, transport properties, separation processes (summarized under the term "extraction"), chemical reactions in and with supercritical fluids, making use of the tuneable properties of supercritical fluids for engineering of particles and materials, and no further develop mechanical compounds for processing plants.