Experiments for fetal programming by embryonic ultrasound cardiography of mice

我在妊娠早期给予小鼠应激，如药物负荷，并通过进行胚胎超声心动图检查胚胎心脏血流动力学的变化。怀孕小鼠皮下注射0.2 mg/kg尼古丁15-30分钟后，心率、短轴缩短率和心输出量趋于增加。另一方面，在胚胎中，注射尼古丁后，与注射生理盐水的对照组相比，颈动脉血流显著减少，15-30分钟后，背主动脉和脐动脉血流趋于减少，这种循环调整是导致血流重新分配的反应，被认为是影响胎儿规划的因素，如胚胎生长迟缓或出生后发育障碍。

I gave mice in early pregnancy stress such as the drug load and examined an embryonic heart hemodynamic change by performing embryonic ultrasound cardiography. Heart rate , fractional shortening, and cardiac output tended to increase by subcutaneous injecting 0.2 mg/kg of nicotine to a pregnant mice 15-30 minutes after the injection. On the other hand in embryos, carotid artery flow significantly decreased after nicotine injection in comparison with the control group that injected normal saline , and dorsal aorta and umbilical artery flows tended to decrease 15-30 minutes after the injection.This circulation adjustment is a reaction to lead to the blood flow redistribution, and is considered to influence the fetal programming such as an embryonic growth retardation or postnatal developmental disorders.