Vitrification of extremely simple molecules by constrainment in nano-spaces; heat capacity and dielectric relaxation measurements

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The universality of supercooling liquid was examined by exploring the thermal property of the cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, and neopentane, such as having small inter-molecular interactions. Though, it is known that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the ordinary liquid is in between 1/2 and 2/3 of each melting temperature, Tg of examined samples were all less than predicted temperature.The lowering of the Tg enabled these substances to reveal hump of heat capacities in the vicinity of 130 K, which might be related to the structuring of the liquid from high-temperature liquid phase to stable low-temperature liquid phase. In particular, cyclohexane showed 1st order phase transition at 154 K with sharp heat capacity jump and it became the first example to examine liquid-liquid transition by heat capacity measurements in a single molecular liquid.