Relationship between chlorotic symptom expression and regulation of host-gene expression by Cucumber mosaic virus infection

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We compared the transcriptomes of chlorotic tissues infected with three Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains with diverse chlorosis severity. CMV inoculation appeared to have similar effects on the transcriptional expression profiles, and only the magnitude of expression differed among the different CMVs. Gene ontology analysis revealed chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes (CPRGs) were down-regulated in the chlorotic tissues. The level of CPRG down-regulation was correlated with the severity of chlorosis.To elucidate the suggestion that the down-regulation of CPRGs caused chlorosis, transgenic tobacco that CPRGs expression was up-regulated by introduction of the Arabidopsis GLK transcriptional factor was generated. When GLK-tobacco were inoculated with CMVs, chlorotic symptoms appeared. Amounts of CPRGs mRNA in infected GLK-tobaccos were fewer than those of healthy tobacco, indicating that over-expression of atGLK hardly affected chlorosis expression.