労働市場の情報統計力学：実データに基づくシミュレータ構築による構成論的アプローチ

本研究通过统计力学的方法，结合经济物理学对劳动力市场进行理论研究，在机器学习背景下的无监督学习或自组织的启发下，试图为求职的非智力劳动者在连续求职过程中的集体行为画出一条学习曲线。我们讨论了误差测量的收敛速度，其中我们考虑了这样一个场景，在该场景中，学生不使用关于先前过程中求职结果的任何信息。我们的方法使我们能够检验这样一个条件的存在，在这个条件下，宏观数量，比如‘阶段性失业率’变得‘规模不变’，即它不依赖于求职阶段。从宏观上看，该问题可以看作是一个人力资源配置问题，我们给出了一个数学模型来研究学生的人力资源配置问题。基本模型由波茨自旋玻璃描述。在该模型中，每个Potts旋转代表一个学生的行为，它接受一个与他/她申请的公司相对应的离散变量。我们构建的能量包括对学生行为的不同影响。通过成对的自旋-自旋相互作用考虑了学生之间的关联(邻接矩阵)。为了检验模型的有效性，我们进行了计算机模拟。我们还表明，波茨自旋的一些手性表示使我们能够获得对劳动力市场的一些分析见解。

This study provides theoretical studies on labor markets incorporating econophysics through statistical mechanical approaches.Inspired by the unsupervised learning or self-organization in the machine learning context, we attempt to draw a ‘learning curve’ for the collective behavior of job-seeking ‘non-intelligent’ labors in successive job-hunting processes. We discuss the speed of convergence for the error-measurement, where we consider a scenario in which the students do not use any information about the result of job-hunting in a previous process. Our approach enables us to examine the existence of the condition on which macroscopic quantity, say, ‘stage-wise unemployment rate’ becomes ‘scale-invariant’ in the sense that it does not depend on the job-hunting stage. From the macroscopic view point, the problem could be regarded as a human resource allocation.We provide a mathematical model to investigate the human resource allocation problem for students. The basic model is described by the Potts spin glass. In the model, each Potts spin represents the action of one student, and it takes a discrete variable corresponding to the company he/she applies for. We construct the energy to include the distinct effects on students’ behavior. The correlations (the adjacent matrix) between students are taken into account through the pairwise spin-spin interactions. We carry out computer simulations to examine the efficiency of the model. We also show that some chiral representation of the Potts spin enables us to obtain some analytical insights into our labor markets.