Veterinary medicinal effects on the prokaryotic structural diversity in soil microcopartments - VMMic

土壤抗生素对土壤微生物的生物量、活性、结构和功能多样性以及抗性水平产生不利影响。在第一阶段，我们发现抗生素的效果受到粪便作为营养源和微生物接种量的强烈影响。抗生素单次施用对土壤微生物结构多样性的中期影响。然而，到目前为止，与抗生素和一般外来生物制剂的影响有关的田间情况的主要方面尚未得到研究，即具有微区室的结构土壤异质性的影响，如根际、天气条件和重复施肥。这些方面将在本项目中进行研究，特别考虑到土壤微室中抗生素和原核生物的假设空间接近性和相互作用，这些微室产生明显的浓度独立的抗菌作用。细菌和真菌的结构多样性分析是通过对功能冗余古菌的研究来完成的。这将通过三方面的方法来完成：(i)使用PLFA， GDGT和16s rDNA分析分析土壤原核生物结构多样性；（ii）通过土壤微观形态、荧光染色和杂交、显微镜和放射自显影相结合的方法确定空间分布；（iii）磺胺残留浓度和耗散动力学分析。

Soil antibiotics affect adversely soil microbial biomass, activity, structural and functional diversity, and resistance level. We found in the 1st phase of FOR that antibiotic effects are strongly influenced by manure as a nutrient source and microbial inoculum. Single applications of antibiotics yield mid-term effects on the soil microbial structural diversity. However, major aspects of a field situation, relevant for the effects of antibiotics and of xenobiotics in general, have not been researched so far, i.e. influences of structured soil heterogeneity with microcompartments such as the rhizosphere, weather conditions, and repeated manuring. These aspects will be investigated in this project with special regard to a hypothesized spatial proximity and interactions of antibiotics and prokaryotes in soil microcompartments that yield an apparent concentration independency of antimicrobial effects. Structural diversity analysis of bacteria and fungi is completed by investigations on functional redundant archaea. This will be done in a threefold approach: (i) analysis of soil prokaryotic structural diversity with PLFA, GDGT, and 16s rDNA analysis; (ii) determination of spatial distribution by combined soil micromorphology, fluorescence staining and hybridisation, microscopy, and autoradiography; (iii) analysis of sulfonamide residual concentrations and dissipation kinetics.