Studying the Evolution of Cosmic Structure with Distant X-ray selected Clusters of Galaxies

用遥远的X射线选择星系团研究宇宙结构的演化

• 批准号: 5448522
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hans Böhringer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-31 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5448522?language=en
• 关键词: Studying; Evolution; Cosmic; Structure; Distant

Galaxy clusters are ideal tracers of the cosmic large-scale structure and its growth rate as a function of time. This makes them prime probes for the test of cosmological models. They also form important laboratories to follow the evolution of galaxies and the baryonic intergalactic medium as a function of environmental conditions. They provide us with information on galaxy and star formation history and their effects on the intergalactic medium through heavy element pollution and entropy production. Whereas a good understanding of the present day cluster population is emerging, our knowledge of distant clusters and the cosmological implications of their properties is still sparse. X-ray observations are currently the best means to find massive distant galaxy clusters, because they display the clusters at high contrast.The growing archive of X-ray observations conducted with XMM-Newton provides the best available resource to conduct a survey for distant clusters, vastly superseding all similar efforts to date. Our survey project that exploits this unique opportunity to find at least 30 new clusters at z > 1 has now developed its full strength with the detection of already 5 clusters z > 1 and 5 close to redshift unity, more spectroscopic data in the pipeline and a reservoir of further candidates from our extensive XMM-Newton archive search and phomoteric follow-up program. These discoveries have supplied us with interesting study cases, provided first interesting insights and led to first publications. A large amount of work and follow-up observations are still required to reach the full goal of the project, a substantial part of which will be achieved within the coming funding period. We will be able to already address all the important points listed below.The final scientific goals of the project are (i) to characterize the large-scale structure evolution, to constrain cosmological model parameters, (ii) to obtain a statistical description of the evolution of the internal and structural properties of clusters, in particular information on the evolution of the observable-cluster mass relation, and (iii) to provide the basis for the evolutionary characterization of the cluster galaxy population and the intracluster plasma. The first studies have already confirmed that a pronounced sequence of old red galaxies still exists at redshifts around 1.4, and tight age constraints of cluster galaxies have been obtained for a System at z = 0.97. With the scheduled and planned follow-up observations we can now quite safely predict to get at least 15 clusters at z > 1 and more close to this limit. This will enable us to set tight constraints on the evolution of the X-ray luminosity function of clusters at these high redshifts and allow first approaches to cosmological tests before the completion of the project. Significant constraints on the nature of Dark Energy would come from a statistical subsample of about 10 of these clusters with deeper X-ray observations allowing a temperature and gas mass measurment, as already obtained for three of our detections. This depends on a ready success of proposals of deep X-ray observations for these clusters. Such data would also provide a very good overview on the history of heavy element enrichment of the ICM at high redshift.With the completion of the survey in progress covering about 40-50 square degrees (which will come shortly after the end of this funding period) we will have a unique and powerful sample size to get useful statistics on the scaling relations and on cosmological model tests. This project will act as a very important pathfinder for the upcoming large surveys of distant clusters using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and later with eROSITA.

星系团是宇宙大尺度结构及其增长率随时间变化的理想示踪剂。这使它们成为检验宇宙学模型的主要探测器。它们还构成重要的实验室，以跟踪星系和重子星系际介质随环境条件变化的演化。它们为我们提供了星系和星星形成历史的信息，以及它们通过重元素污染和熵产生对星系际介质的影响。虽然对现今星团人口的了解正在逐渐形成，但我们对遥远星团及其性质的宇宙学意义的了解仍然很少。X射线观测是目前发现巨大的遥远星系团的最佳手段，因为它们以高对比度显示星系团。XMM-牛顿进行的X射线观测档案不断增加，为遥远星系团的调查提供了最佳可用资源，大大取代了迄今为止所有类似的努力。我们的调查项目利用这一独特的机会找到至少30个z > 1的新星系团，现在已经发展出了它的全部实力，已经检测到5个z > 1和5个接近红移单位的星系团，更多的光谱数据在管道中，以及来自我们广泛的XMM-牛顿档案搜索和phomoteric后续计划的更多候选者。这些发现为我们提供了有趣的研究案例，提供了第一个有趣的见解，并导致了第一次出版。要实现该项目的全部目标，仍需开展大量工作和进行后续观察，其中很大一部分将在下一个供资期内实现。我们将能够解决下面列出的所有重要问题。该项目的最终科学目标是（i）表征大尺度结构演化，约束宇宙学模型参数，（ii）获得星系团内部和结构性质演化的统计描述，特别是关于可观测星系团质量关系演化的信息，和（iii）提供的基础上的演化表征的集群星系人口和集群内的等离子体。最初的研究已经证实，在红移约为1.4时，仍然存在一个明显的老红星系序列，并且对于z = 0.97的系统，已经获得了星系团星系的严格年龄限制。通过预定的和计划的后续观察，我们现在可以相当安全地预测在z > 1或更接近这个极限时至少得到15个集群。这将使我们能够在这些高红移的X射线光度函数的演化上设置严格的约束，并允许在项目完成之前进行宇宙学测试。对暗能量性质的重要限制将来自大约10个这样的星团的统计子样本，这些星团具有更深的X射线观测，可以测量温度和气体质量，正如我们在三次探测中已经获得的那样。这取决于对这些星团进行深X射线观测的建议是否成功。这些数据也将提供一个非常好的概述的历史上重元素富集的ICM在高红移。随着调查的进展，覆盖约40-50平方度（这将在本资助期结束后不久），我们将有一个独特的和强大的样本量，以获得有用的统计数据的标度关系和宇宙学模型测试。该项目将成为即将使用Sunyaev-Zeldovich效应和稍后使用eROSITA对遥远星系团进行大型调查的非常重要的探路者。

项目成果

The evolution of cool-core clusters

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015208
• 发表时间: 2010-08
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Joana S. Santos;P. Tozzi;P. Rosati;H. Boehringer

XMMU J100750.5+125818: a strong lensing cluster at z = 1.082

XMMU J100750 5 125818：z = 1 082 处的强透镜簇

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201014330
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Schwope;Kohnert;Böhringer;Dietrich;Fassbender;Mühlegger;Pierini;Quintana;Rosati;Santos;Šuhada
• 通讯作者: Šuhada

Discovery of the X-ray selected galaxy cluster XMMU J0338.8+0021 at z = 1.49 - indications of a young system with a brightest galaxy in formation

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117292
• 发表时间: 2011-06
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: A. Nastasi;R. Fassbender;H. Bohringer;R. vSuhada;P. Rosati;D. Pierini;M. Verdugo;Joana S. Santos;A. Schwope;A. D. Hoon;J. Kohnert;G. Lamer;M. Muhlegger;H. Quintana

The X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XMMU J1007.4+1237 at z=1.56 - The dawn of starburst activity in cluster cores

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201016169
• 发表时间: 2011-01
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: R. Fassbender;A. Nastasi;H. Bohringer;R. Suhada;Joana S. Santos;P. Rosati;D. Pierini;M. Muhlegger;H. Quintana;A. Schwope;G. Lamer;A. D. Hoon;J. Kohnert;G. Pratt;J. Mohr

A pan-chromatic view of the galaxy cluster XMMU J1230.3+1339 at z = 0.975 - Observing the assembly of a massive system

星系团 XMMU J1230 3 1339 在 z = 0 975 处的全色视图 - 观察大规模系统的组装

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015204
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Fassbender;Böhringer;Santos;Šuhada;Kohnert;Lerchster;Rovilos;Pierini;Schwope;Mühlegger;Rosati;Quintana;Nastasi
• 通讯作者: Nastasi