SFB 259: High Temperature Problems of Reusable Space Vehicles

这一合作研究中心的目标是在未来可重复使用的空间飞行器的高温问题领域获得新的基本知识并开发研究方法，可重复使用的空间飞行器的定义是配备吸气式发动机并在高超声速范围内运行的空气动力学持续运输装置。这些运输设备能够水平起飞和着陆，因此它们的可重用性需要一个或两个级联翼飞行器，覆盖从起飞、绕地轨道到着陆的所有飞行范围，最高可达25马赫。因此，在高超声速飞行中，特别是在上一级再入过程中，会遇到极高的温度，这就带来了必须描述和研究解决方案的问题。因此，对于整个运输系统的实现，获得关于热流与高温材料结构相互作用的准确信息是至关重要的。259合作研究中心的工作主要侧重于这一主题。材料、施工方法和热结构及其实际计算和测试是未来航天器发展的关键因素。特别是研究了非金属复合材料C/C和C/SiC(碳纤维增强碳和碳纤维增强碳化硅)在高温下的行为。为了实现对热负荷的可靠控制，计划任务必须改进再入条件下的诊断方法，并详细了解材料的行为、燃烧过程和操作程序。这些复杂的问题是通过有关学科的科学家之间的密切合作来解决的。

The objective of this collaborative research centre is to acquire new basic knowledge and develop investigation methods in the field of high temperature problems of future reusable space vehicles, defined as aerodynamically sustained transport devices equipped with air-breathing engines and operating in the hypersonic range. The capacibility of these transport devices to take off and land horizontally and therefore their reusability requires one or two-staged winged flight vehicles which cover all flight ranges up to Mach 25 between take off, earth orbiting and landing. Thereby during a hypersonic flight, especially during the reentry of the upper stage, extremely high temperatures are encountered, posing problems to which solutions have to be described and investigated.For the realization of the entire transport system it is therefore essential that exact information is acquired on the interaction of the hot flow with the structure made from high temperature materials. The work of the collaborative research centre 259 places its emphasis primarily on this subject.Materials, construction methods and hot structures as well as their realistic computation and testing are critical factors for the development of future space vehicles. In particular the behaviour of non-metallic compound materials C/C and C/SIC (carbon fibre reinforced carbon and carbon fibre reinforced sillicon carbide) at the encountered high temperatures is investigated.To achieve a reliable control of the thermal loads, it is essential for the projected missions to have improved diagnostic methods under reentry conditions and detailed knowledge of the material behaviour, combustions processes and the operation procedures. These complex problems are solved by a close cooperation between the scientists of the disciplines concerned.