Solidarity hubs as social infrastructure: A comparative approach to voluntary services for transient foreign workers in East Asian City-regions

针对日本的情况，我在福冈和横滨进行了调查和实地考察。这两个城市拥有相似的空间结构，长期投资流动集中在CBD和填海造海的滨水区。另一方面，他们的市中心一直是以道德为主导和/或与种族有关的小规模投资的目标，提供低收入就业机会并创造新的消费空间。在这些领域出现的团结中心首先处理与外国低收入人口有关的明显形式的早熟问题。为了考虑到这些中心的服务和网络实践的多样性，我为外国低收入人口组织了一次以社会基础设施为主题的研讨会。在福冈，通过联网和项目开发实现服务的集中化和专业化的步骤尤为突出，而在横滨，Kotobukicho的服务中心近在咫尺，成为服务的支柱。最后，由于东南亚人口的代表性很大，必须考虑到宗教设施的作用。它们是文化上被接受的社会基础设施形式，围绕它们可以有效地实现团结中心。

Focusing on the Japanese case, I have conducted surveys and fieldwork in Fukuoka and Yokohama. Both cities share a similar spatial structure where long-term investment flows have concentrated on the CBD and reclaimed waterfront areas. On the other hand, their inner cities have been the target of ethic-led and/or ethnic-related small-scale investments, providing low-income employment and creating new spaces of consumption. The solidarity hubs emerging in these areas foremost deal with conspicuous forms of precarity attached to foreign low-income populations.In order to take account of the diversity of services and networking practices of these hubs, I have organized a workshop themed around social infrastructure for foreign low-income populations. In Fukuoka, steps to concentration and professionalization of services through networking and project development stood out, while in Yokohama the close presence of Kotobukicho's service hub serves as a service anchor. Finally, due the large representation of South-East Asian population, the role of religious facilities must be taken into account. They serve as culturally accepted forms of social infrastructure around which solidarity hubs can effectively materialize.