Carnivory in Lamiales: understanding character evolution, substitution rate plasticity, and genome miniaturization

唇形目食肉动物：了解性状进化、替代率可塑性和基因组小型化

• 批准号: 59410068
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Kai Müller
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Evolution und Biodiversität (IEB)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/59410068?language=en
• 关键词: Carnivory; Lamiales; understanding; character; evolution

In the angiosperm order Lamiales, the greatest diversity of carnivorous plants evolved, with some representatives exhibiting the most extreme embodiment of the carnivorous syndrome. The smal-lest angiosperm nuclear genomes have been found here, and some genomic regions exhibit one of the highest DNA substitutional rates reported. These attributes make the group a perfect model system for studying factors governing substitutional rate and genome size shifts. The project hopes to provide the basis for understanding the evolutionary success of carnivory in Lamiales, along with the accompanying morphological adaptations, physiological shifts, and unorthodox genome evolution. This requires (1) identifying precisely the affinities of Lentibulariaceae and the potentially closely related Byblis in Lamiales, as well as obtaining a more representative picture of relationships among and within major sublineages of Genlisea, Utricularia and Pinguicula, based on a dense taxon sampling. Results from this will allow (2) historical biogeographic analys-es and a precise estimation of diversification ages, absolute diversification- and substitution rates, serving to relate shifts in molecular evolution to morphological or physiological key innovations. (3) Genome sizes and ploidy levels will be determined for a dense sampling, enabling phylogeny-based correlation analyses that may provide insights in mechanisms driving the extreme genome miniaturization. (4) Cost-efficient pyrosequencing of four complete chloroplast genomes and comparisons with known genomes from non-carnivorous and parasitic relatives will illuminate the impact of carnivory on substitutional rates, gene content, and positively and negatively selected DNA sites, and allow to pinpoint similarities to parasitic plants.

在被子植物唇形科中，食肉植物的多样性最大，其中一些代表表现出食肉综合征的最极端的体现。在这里发现了最小的被子植物核基因组，并且一些基因组区域表现出最高的DNA替换率之一。这些属性使该小组成为研究替代率和基因组大小变化因素的完美模型系统。该项目希望为了解唇形科食肉动物的进化成功以及随之而来的形态适应、生理变化和非正统基因组进化提供基础，沿着。这需要（1）精确鉴定Lentibulariaceae和唇形目中可能密切相关的Byblis的亲缘关系，以及基于密集的分类单元采样，获得Genlisea，Utricularia和Pinguicula主要亚系之间和内部关系的更具代表性的图片。由此得到的结果将允许（2）历史地理分析和精确估计多样化年龄，绝对多样化和替代率，用于将分子进化中的变化与形态或生理关键创新联系起来。(3)将确定基因组大小和倍性水平以进行密集采样，从而实现基于系统发育的相关性分析，这可能会为推动基因组极端小型化的机制提供见解。(4)四个完整的叶绿体基因组的成本效益焦磷酸测序和已知的基因组从非肉食性和寄生的亲戚比较将照亮的替代率，基因内容，积极和消极选择的DNA位点的食肉动物的影响，并允许精确定位的相似性寄生植物。