Community and Integration. Soyuz russkikh evreev and Soyuz russkikh iuristov in Russian-Jewish Berlin

俄罗斯犹太人在德国的主要救济组织是俄罗斯犹太人联盟（SRE，1920-1935），总部设在柏林。SRE的两个重要角色是律师Jakov Teitel '，联盟主席和Aleksei Gol'denveizer，其顾问。两人也是俄罗斯海外律师联盟（SRI，成立于1920年）的成员，其中四分之五的成员是犹太人。SRE和SRI代表知识分子和中产阶级。两人都是政治中立，自由主义倾向。SRI的资金来自其成员和捐款。SRE主要由犹太组织和国际联盟资助。两个工会都提供救济服务。国家教育部还组织了一个文化项目。该项目将侧重于SRE和SRI在俄罗斯犹太移民的融合和社区建设中的作用。特别令人感兴趣的是工会参与关于俄国、革命和犹太人的辩论，以及工会组织与民族和社会主义运动、德国国家和社会的关系。

The main relief organization of the Russian Jews in Germany was the Union of Russian Jews (SRE, 1920-1935), with headquarters in Berlin. Two important actors of the SRE were the lawyers Jakov Teitel’, president of the Union, and Aleksei Gol’denveizer, its counselor. Both were also members of the Union of Russian lawyers abroad (SRI, founded 1920), 4/5 of whose members were Jewish. The SRE as well as the SRI represented intellectuals and the middle classes. Both were politically neutral, and of liberal orientation. The SRI was financed by its members and by donations. The SRE was mainly funded by Jewish organizations and the League of Nations. Both unions offered relief services. The SRE also organized a cultural program. The project will focus on the role of the SRE and SRI in the integration and community building of Russian Jewish migrants. Of special interest is the unions’ participation in debates on Russia, the revolution, and the Jews, as well as the organizations’ relations with national and socialist movements, and with the German state and society.