GRK 1542: Religious Cultures in Europe in the 19th and 20th Century

国际研究培训小组的目标是利用史学、宗教科学和神学的方法，为分析宗教与现代之间的关系作出根本性贡献。19世纪和20世纪欧洲的宗教文化将被审查与世俗性质的系统和框架的相互关系。个别研究项目试图解决一个中心问题：宗教团体、宗教习俗和宗教象征及其使用在多大程度上受到了世纪后期以来经济、社会和文化变革的影响，另一方面，它们又是如何塑造变革进程的？研究生课程主持下的研究项目将遵循比较方法和面向国际或区域间关系史的方法。其目的是（1）审查和比较不同的信仰和宗教派别;（2）比较和历时地考察不同国家或地区宗教历史的发展。通过比较宗教发展的道路，研究生课程是对欧洲史学的根本贡献。根据慕尼黑和布拉格大学之间的密切合作计划，主要重点放在中欧的发展上。除了19世纪中欧宗教文化之间的大量交叉关系之外，当代历史对1945年后政治和社会制度之间的对抗及其在1989年后的影响特别感兴趣。通过与更多的伙伴建立国际合作，可以避免过于狭隘的重点，因为这种重点只关注很少的国家历史或宗教社区。该研究计划包括五个主题的中心集群：（1）在现代的情况下，宗教制度的变化;（2）科学与宗教的冲突负载的关系;（3）宗教与欧洲民族主义之间的关系;（4）在城市环境中的宗教;（5）宗教与性别之间的相关性。最终选择进一步的个别专题将使奖学金获得者之间有可能深入交换意见，并创造一个广泛的比较背景，据以评估实证研究结果-所有参与者将深入讨论拟使用的方法。

The International Research Training Group aims at making a fundamental contribution towards analysing the relationship between religion and the Modern era, using approaches derived from historiography, religious science and theology. Religious cultures in 19th- and 20th-century Europe are to be examined with regard to their cross-relations with systems and frameworks of a secular nature. The individual research projects seek to solve a central question: To what extent were religious groupings, religious practices and religious symbols and their usage influenced by economic, social and cultural change from the late 18th century onwards, and how did they, on the other hand, shape the process of change? The research projects that come under the auspices of the post-graduate students course are to follow both a comparative approach and one oriented at the history of international or inter-regional relations. The aim is (1) to examine and to compare different faiths and religious denominations; (2) to look at developments concerning the history of religions in differing nations or regions comparatively and diachronically. By comparing paths of religious development, the post-graduate students course is to make a fundamental contribution towards the Europeanisation of historiography. In keeping with the intensive cooperation planned between the universities of Munich and Prague, the main focus is placed on developments in Central Europe. In addition to a wealth of cross-relations between Central European religious cultures in the 19th century, contemporary history is particularly interested in questions connected to the post-1945 antagonism between political and social systems and its effects even after 1989. An overly narrow focus, which would look at too few national histories or religious communities is to be avoided by establishing international cooperation with additional partners. The research programme comprises five central clusters of topics: (1) changes in religious systems under the circumstances of the Modern era; (2) the conflict-laden relationship of science and religion; (3) the relations between religion and European nationalisms; (4) religion in urban circumstances; (5) the correlation between religion and gender. The eventual choice of further, individual topics will make possible an intensive exchange of views among the scholarship holders and create - supported by the fact that the methods to be used will be discussed intensively among all participants - a wide comparative backdrop against which to appraise the empirical findings.