RESEARCH ON MICROSCALE CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS

(1)高中化学微尺度实验的发展我们开发了高中化学微/小尺度实验。在这项研究中开展的实验涉及以下基本主题：(i)氧化还原反应，（ii）金属离子的性质，（iii）原电池和电解，（iv）醇的性质。在这些实验中使用了低价塑料设备，如12孔板和24孔板，小瓶和瓶子。我们实验的特点是：(1)丰富多彩，吸引人。（ii）试剂用量少。程序简单而安全。（iv）实验可以在短时间内完成。（五）废物量少，处理费用降低。（六）实验的准备、清理和监督都很容易，不需要教师太多的时间。不需要特别设备。（八）实验费用低。各种反应的结果可以通过使用适当的工作表很容易地进行比较。这便于学生回顾和讨论结果。(2)高校化学微型化实验室的建立利用光致变色螺吡喃建立了反应速率的微型化实验。在定性分析、离子交换现象和缓冲溶液方面也进行了一些实验。(3)问卷调查为推广小型实验，我们向几位高中化学教师发放了一些小型实验设备，请他们进行学生实验。老师和学生都有问题。调查收集了9所高中14名教师和840名学生的回答。他们的回答证实了上述小规模实验的优势。

(1) Development Of Microscale Experiments For High School ChemistryWe have developed micro/small scale experiments for high school chemistry . The experiments developed in this research are on following basic topics : (i) Oxidation-reduction reactions, (ii) Properties of metal ions, (iii) Galvanic cells and electrolysis, (iv) Properties of alcohols. Low price plastic equipment such as 12- and 24-well plates, vials, and bottles are used in these experiments. The characteristics of our experiments are : (i) They are colorful and attractive. (ii) The amount of reagents is small. (iii) The procedures are simple and safe. (iv) The experiments can be performed in a short time. (v) The amount of waste is small and the cost for disposing it is reduced. (vi) The preparation, the clean-up and supervision of experiments are easy and do not require much teacher's time. (vii) No special equipment is required. (viii) The experiments are low cost. (ix) The results of various reactions can be compared easily by the use of appropriate work sheets. This is convenient for students to review and discuss the results.(2) Development Of Microscale Laboratory For College ChemistryMicroscale experiments on reaction rate has been developed by the use of photochromic spiropyrans. Some experiments on qualitative analysis, phenomenon of ion exchange and buffer solutions are also developed.(3) Questionnaire InvestigationFor the purpose of dissemination of small scale experiments, we sent sets of equipment of some smallscale experiments to several high school chemistry teachers, and asked them to carry out student experiments. Questions are made to both teachers and students. Answers from 14 teachers and 840 students of 9 high schools were collected. Their answers confirm the advantages of the small scale experiments mentioned above.