RESEARCH ON MICROSCALE CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS

(1)高中化学微型实验的开发我们为高中化学开发了微型/小型实验。本研究中开发的实验涉及以下基本主题：（i）氧化还原反应，（ii）金属离子的性质，（iii）原电池和电解，（iv）醇的性质。在这些实验中使用低价塑料设备，例如12孔板和24孔板、小瓶和瓶。我们的实验特点是：（一）丰富多彩，吸引人。(ii)试剂用量少。(iii)程序简单且安全。(iv)实验可以在短时间内完成。(v)废物量小，处理废物的成本降低。(vi)实验的准备、清理和监督都很容易，不需要老师花太多时间。(vii)无需特殊设备。（viii）实验成本低。(ix)通过使用适当的工作表，可以很容易地比较各种反应的结果。这便于学生复习和讨论结果。(2)大学化学微型实验室的研制利用光致变色螺吡喃类化合物进行了反应速率的微型实验。并对定性分析、离子交换现象、缓冲溶液等进行了实验研究。(3)问卷调查为了推广小规模实验，我们将一些小规模实验的成套设备送给几位高中化学教师，请他们进行学生实验。向老师和学生都提出了问题。本研究收集了9所高中的14名教师和840名学生的答案。他们的回答证实了上述小规模实验的优点。

(1) Development Of Microscale Experiments For High School ChemistryWe have developed micro/small scale experiments for high school chemistry . The experiments developed in this research are on following basic topics : (i) Oxidation-reduction reactions, (ii) Properties of metal ions, (iii) Galvanic cells and electrolysis, (iv) Properties of alcohols. Low price plastic equipment such as 12- and 24-well plates, vials, and bottles are used in these experiments. The characteristics of our experiments are : (i) They are colorful and attractive. (ii) The amount of reagents is small. (iii) The procedures are simple and safe. (iv) The experiments can be performed in a short time. (v) The amount of waste is small and the cost for disposing it is reduced. (vi) The preparation, the clean-up and supervision of experiments are easy and do not require much teacher's time. (vii) No special equipment is required. (viii) The experiments are low cost. (ix) The results of various reactions can be compared easily by the use of appropriate work sheets. This is convenient for students to review and discuss the results.(2) Development Of Microscale Laboratory For College ChemistryMicroscale experiments on reaction rate has been developed by the use of photochromic spiropyrans. Some experiments on qualitative analysis, phenomenon of ion exchange and buffer solutions are also developed.(3) Questionnaire InvestigationFor the purpose of dissemination of small scale experiments, we sent sets of equipment of some smallscale experiments to several high school chemistry teachers, and asked them to carry out student experiments. Questions are made to both teachers and students. Answers from 14 teachers and 840 students of 9 high schools were collected. Their answers confirm the advantages of the small scale experiments mentioned above.