Microscale Chemistry : Green Chemistry in Academia

(1)通过国际活动研究微型化学虽然微型/小规模实验室有许多优势，但只有少数日本教师了解它，因此它在日本并不受欢迎。首先，我们参观了美国马萨诸塞州梅里马克学院的国家微型化学中心(NMCC)，体验了NMCC开发的微型实验，并考察了车间的管理。我们发现，其中一些实验是有用的，可以在日本的高中和大学推广。其次，我们邀请了NMC主任M.Singh教授在日本几所大学进行了包括讲座和演示的研讨会，然后我们邀请了纽约州立大学的R.Silberman教授和h…更多的我将在几所大学举办研讨会。在他的研讨会上，他介绍了美国化学教育的新趋势，包括自己开发的小规模实验室学习评估技术。通过这些研讨会，两所大学和高中的许多日本教师认识到了微型/小型实验室的优势，特别是对环境的友好。我们已经开发了微型/小规模的高中化学实验：(I)缓冲溶液，(Ii)氨基酸和蛋白质，(Iii)几种有机化合物的分离。在这些实验中使用了廉价的塑料设备，如12孔板和24孔板、小瓶和瓶子。我们实验的特点是：(1)丰富多彩，引人入胜。(Ii)程序简单安全。(3)废物数量少，处置成本降低。(4)通过使用适当的工作表，可以很容易地比较各种反应的结果。这便于学生对实验结果进行回顾和讨论。(3)大学化学微型实验室的开发我们以前在离子交换器上开展了微型实验。在本研究中，我们通过目前的助学金，使规模进一步缩小。我们还改进了对某些金属离子的微尺度定性分析。东北大学医学部开展了一项利用微尺度技术测量液体沸点的新实验。较少

(1) Research on microscale chemistry through international activitiesThough there are many advantages in micro/small scale laboratorv, only few Japanese teachers know it well and therefore it is not popular in Japan. We aimed to popularize microscale chemistry in Japan, through international exchange of researchers.First, we visited National Microscale Chemistry Center (NMCC) at Merrimack College in Massatusettes U.S.A.We experienced the microscale experiments developed in NMCC and investigated the management of workshops. We found that some of the experiments are useful and can be introduced in Japanese high schools and universities. We recognized the importance of actual experience of microscale experiments through workshops.Second, we invited Professor M.Singh, director of NMCC.In several universities in Japan, he gave seminars which consists of both lecture and demonstration of microscale experiments.Then, we invited Professor R.Silberman of State University of New York and asked h … More im to give seminars in several universities. In his seminar, he introduced new trend in chemical education in U.S.A.including small scale techniques to assess laboratory learning, the techniques being developed by himself.Through these seminars, many Japanese teachers, of both universities an high schools, , have recognized the advantages of micro/small scale laboratory, especially the benignity to the environment. Now several universities are going to introduce microscale laboratory.(2) Development of Microscale Experiments for High School ChemistryWe have developed micro/small scale experiments for high school chemistry on following topics : (i) Buffer solutions, (ii) Amino acids and proteins, (iii) Separation of several organic compounds. Low price plastic equipment such as 12-and 24-well plates, vials, and bottles are used in these experiments. The characteristics of our experiments are : (i) They are colorful and attractive. (ii) The procedures are simple and safe. (iii) The amount of waste is small and the cost for disposing it is reduced. (iv) The results of various reactions can be compared easily by the use of appropriate work sheets. This is convenient for students to review and discuss the results.(3) Development of Microscale Laboratory for College ChemistryWe developed microscale experiments on ion exchangers previously. In this study by the present grant-in-aid, we made the scale further smaller. We also improved our microscale qualitative analyses of some metal ions. In College of Medical Sciences, Tohoku University, a new experiment on the measurement of boiling points of some liquids was developed by microscale techniques. Less