Identification of chemical states of acidic atmospheric aerosols and sensitivity analysis of rainwater acidification by microscopic model
微观模型识别大气酸性气溶胶化学态及雨水酸化敏感性分析
基本信息
- 批准号:09680506
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.34万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:日本
- 项目类别:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
- 财政年份:1997
- 资助国家:日本
- 起止时间:1997 至 1998
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Mixing thin film was prepared on a Nuclepore filter by dual vacuum deposition of barium chloride and nitron in order to detect the mixing states of sulfate and nitrate in individual aerosol particles. Applicability was examined using sulfate and/or nitrate particles generated by a nebulizer. The mixing thin film method was applied to detect the mixing states of atmospheric aerosols collected by Andersen samplers at Uji in summer and winter seasons. In winter, internally mixed sulfate-nitrate particles were not detected, while internally mixed particles were found to be a few percent in number concentration to the total particles collected on each stages of the sampler in summer.We have applied the depth selective XAFS spectrometry using SR to determine the chemical states of sulfur and silicon in atmospheric aerosols sampled at Uji and Sakurajima. X-ray fluorescence yield (XFY) and total electron yield (TEY) was measured simultaneously. Most of aerosol samples showed only S^<6+> peak a … More nd no other peaks were detected except one sample collected at Sakurajima, which indicated that the particles consist of S^<6+> sulfur atoms (sulfate) and their surfaces contain both S^<6+> and S^<2-> chemical species. X-ray absorption spectra of atmospheric aerosols sampled at Sakurajima showed two peaks. One is for Si^<4+> and the other lies between Si^<4+> and SiO.The former peak comes from SiO_2 and the latter one is considered to be attributable to chemical shift in the Si K-edge of silicate minerals.One-dimensional and time-variant model was presented for simulating below-cloud scavenging of gaseous and particulate matters. The model includes size distribution of raindrops, gas absorption, particle capture and aqueous chemical reactions in rainwater. We analyzed quantitatively the effects of below-cloud acidification on precipitation chemistry at ground level. Contribution of aerosols to sulfate and nitrate concentrations in rainwater was extremely small in our calculation conditions. Simulation results of S(VI) and Ca_2^+ concentrations (C) in rain at ground level indicated that C/r-dependence (relation between C and raindrop radius) was different after long precipitation times. The difference can be explained by the fact that Ca_2^+ in rain attributes from the scavenging of coarse calcium particles, while aqueous-phase oxidation of SO_2 is the major contribution to S(VI) in rainwater. Less
采用氯化钡和硝酮双真空沉积法在Nuclepore滤膜上制备了混合薄膜,用于探测气溶胶颗粒中硫酸盐和硝酸盐的混合状态。使用喷雾器产生的硫酸盐和/或硝酸盐颗粒检查适用性。应用混合薄膜法对宇治站安德森采样器采集的大气气溶胶进行了冬、夏两季的混合状态检测。在冬季,内部混合的硫酸盐-硝酸盐粒子没有检测到,而内部混合的粒子被发现是百分之几的数量浓度的总粒子收集在每个阶段的采样器在summer.We应用了深度选择XAFS光谱使用SR测定大气气溶胶中的硫和硅的化学状态在宇治和樱岛采样。同时测量了X射线荧光产额(XFY)和总电子产额(TEY)。大多数气溶胶样品只显示出S^<6+>峰, ...更多信息 结果发现,除了在樱岛收集的一个样品外,没有检测到其他峰,这表明颗粒由S^6+硫原子(硫酸盐)组成,它们的表面含有S^6+和S^<2->2两种化学物质。在樱岛采样的大气气溶胶的X射线吸收光谱显示出两个峰值。一个是Si^<4+>峰,另一个位于Si^<4+>和SiO之间,前者来自SiO_2,后者来自硅酸盐矿物Si K边的化学位移.该模型包括雨滴粒径分布、气体吸收、颗粒捕获和雨水中的水化学反应。定量分析了云下酸化对地面降水化学的影响。在我们的计算条件下,气溶胶对雨水中硫酸盐和硝酸盐浓度的贡献非常小。地面降水中S(VI)和Ca 2 ^+浓度(C)的模拟结果表明,长时间降水后,C/r(C与雨滴半径的关系)的依赖性不同。这是由于雨水中的Ca 2 ^+主要来源于粗钙颗粒的清除作用,而SO2的水相氧化作用是雨水中S(VI)的主要贡献。少
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
J.Kawai: "Comparison between X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies for an environmental aerosol sample" Photon Factory Activity Report 1996. 14. 265 (1997)
J.Kawai:“环境气溶胶样品的 X 射线吸收与 X 射线光电子能谱的比较”光子工厂活动报告 1996. 14. 265 (1997)
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J.Kawai: "Comparison between X-ray Photoelectron and X-ray Absorption Spectra of an Environmental Aerosol Sample Measured by Synchrotron Radiation" Spectrochmica Acta B. (in press). (1999)
J.Kawai:“通过同步辐射测量环境气溶胶样品的 X 射线光电子和 X 射线吸收光谱的比较”Spectrochmica Acta B.(出版中)。
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S.Tohno: "Application of X-ray Absorption Fine Structute (XAFS) Spectrometry to Identify the Chemical States of Atmospheric Aerosols" Journal of Aerosol Science. 29・S1. S235-S236 (1998)
S. Tohno:“应用 X 射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)光谱法识别大气气溶胶的化学状态”《气溶胶科学》杂志 29・S1(1998 年)。
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S.Tohno: "Application of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Spectrometry to Identify the Chemical States of Atmospheric Aerosols" Journal of Aerosol Science. 29. S235-S236 (1998)
S.Tohno:“应用 X 射线吸收精细结构 (XAFS) 光谱测定法识别大气气溶胶的化学状态”《气溶胶科学》杂志。
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S.Tohno: "Numerical simulation of below-cloud scavenging of gaseous and particulate matters" Journal of Aerosol Science. 28. S455-S456 (1997)
S.Tohno:“云下气体和颗粒物清除的数值模拟”气溶胶科学杂志。
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{{ truncateString('TOHNO Susumu', 18)}}的其他基金
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR ANALYZING INORGANIC COMPONENTS IN AEROSOLS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
气溶胶中无机成分分析方法的开发及其在大气气溶胶化学表征中的应用
- 批准号:
14048212 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 1.34万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
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