LIGHTING CONDITION WITH DIFFERENT WAVELENGTH FOR ANTHOCYIANIN SYNTHESIS OF GRAPE BERRIES

本研究通过控制浆果的初始生长来抑制浆果开裂。在“藤森”浆果全部和部分覆盖塑料的情况下，研究了浆果开裂的发生情况。全覆盖和部分覆盖葡萄园的浆果开裂率分别为1.7%和3.7%。果实成熟前期花梗端开裂，成熟后期雌蕊端开裂。完全覆盖葡萄园的果实果皮硬度大于部分覆盖葡萄园的果实果皮硬度。研究了施用CPPU和GA3对草莓生长和开裂的影响。GA在25 ppm盛开和单一或混合应用GA 25 ppm和保护5 ppm 10天后盛开。在所有处理中，果实在开始成熟后立即开裂。GA/GA（开花后10d）、GA/GA+CPPU、GA/CPPU的果实开裂率分别为12%、12%和2%。GA/GA+CPPU处理对草莓生长的促进作用最大，其次是GA/CPPU处理。收获时，不同处理的果皮耐寒性和花青素含量差异不大。通过扫描电镜观察，GA处理的果实成熟初期，果蒂端表皮表面出现了细小的裂纹，而CPPU处理的果实几乎没有这种现象。CPPU处理的果实花梗端皮肤表皮下细胞明显小于GA处理的果实。上述结果提示，果实开裂发生与皮肤组织解剖结构的差异密切相关，开花后施用CPPU具有抑制果实开裂、增强果实膨大的作用。

In this study, suppression of berry cracking by controlling initial growth of berry was investigated. The occurrence of berry cracking was examined in the 'Fujiminori' berries grown under wholly and partly covered with plastics. Berry cracking appeared from veraison stage and the frequency of cracking in wholly covered and partly covered vineyard was 1.7 and 3.7 % respectively. The cracking occurred in the pedicel end of the berries in the early stages of ripening, then in the pistilar end in the late stage of ripening. The hardness of skin was larger in the berries in wholly covered vineyard than those in partly covered.The effect of CPPU and GA3 application on the berry growth and cracking was studied. GA at 25 ppm at full bloom and single or mixed application of GA 25ppm and CPPU 5ppm 10 days after full bloom. Immediately after the biginnng of ripening, berry cracking occurred in all treatments. The frequency of occurrence of cracking in the berries in GA/GA (at full bloom/10days after full broom), GA/GA+CPPU, GA/CPPU were 12%, 12% and 2% respectively. The berry growth was most enhanced by GA/GA+CPPU treatment, followed by GA/CPPU.At harvest, there was little difference in the skin hardiness and anthocyanin contents among these treatments. By the observation with SEM, the minute crackings were found on the surface of the skin in the pedicel end of berries treated with GA in the early stages of ripening, while those were hardly observed in the berries treated with CPPU.The cell size of the subepidermis of skin in the pedicel end of the berries treated with CPPU was considerably smaller than those in the berries with GA.These results suggested that the difference in the anatomical structure of the skin tissues has close relation with the occurrence of berry cracking and that CPPU application after blooming has a effect of suppressing the berry cracking as well as enhancing berry enlargement.