A STUDY ON MAKING CLEAR OF THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF EDUART HAHN'S "THEORY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT"

艾德。哈恩的农业发展理论对规范日本农耕制度的特点影响很大，但这一点还没有得到足够系统的考察。理论上包括农场组织的分类、农场组织的发展顺序和(3)文化情结和宗教起源的观念。第一种理论是将世界农业组织划分为狩猎捕鱼、耕地、种植园、园林、耕作文化等六种类型，第二种理论是将这些类型理解为历史关系，并对这些类型从集聚到耕地文化的演变、从耕地文化到耕作和园林文化的发展等进行梳理。在这种情况下，根据Ed的说法。哈恩。由于日本制度属于园林文化，其发展路径也与欧洲不同，耕作文化也是如此。但是，如果理解为将园林文化包含在锄头文化的范畴中，那么包含在锄头文化中的日本制度是可能的…更多的是在耕作文化上发展。此外，在考察犁文化起源于耕文化的情况下，三是将耕文化理解为一种文化情结。将这些元素划分为一些元素(饲养牛、犁、谷物等)，并寻找这些元素的来源，并将这些元素的来源归还给宗教。因此，尤其是文化情结和宗教渊源观念的倡导，更是证明了耕作文化向耕作文化的发展，二者有着密切的联系。然而，由于从农业地理学的角度对第二种理论进行了认真的思考，并对宗教起源说进行了更严厉的批判，因此对第三种说的兴趣很小，但如上所述，如果日本的制度有可能沿着农耕文化的轨道发展，即使存在宗教起源说等制约，人们也认为文化情结和宗教起源说中存在着从耕作文化向耕文化(混耕)发展的逻辑。较少

Ed. Hahn's theory of agricultural development that greatly affects to regulate the characteristics of Japanese system of farming, but that has been not enough examined systematically. is theoretically composed of classification of farm organization, developing order of farm organization and (3)ideas of culture-complex and religious origin. The first theory is to classify the world farm organization into the six types such as hunting and fishing, hoe-, plantation-, garden-, plough-culture etc. The second is to understand these types as historical relations, and to order these such as the evolution from gathering to hoe-culture, the development from hoe- to plough- and garden-culture so on. In this case, according to Ed. Hahn. as Japanese system belong to garden-culture, so its developing route is different with European one so as plough-culture. But, if it is understood that garden-culture is included in the category of hoe-culture, Japanese system included in hoe-culture is possible to … More develop on line of plough-culture. Further, in case of examination that plough-culture is originated from hoe-culture, the third is to understand plough-culture as a kind of culture-complex. to divide these into some elements( feeding of cattle, plough, cereals so on) and to search these origins, and to return the origins of these elements to religion. Thus, as especially the development from hoe- to plough-culture is given proof by the advocation of ideas of culture-complex and religious origin, both is related closely. However, as results of serious considerations of the second theory from viewpoint of agricultural geography and severer criticism on the idea of religious origin, the interest on the third theory is very slight, but, as above mentioned, if Japanese system has the possibility to develop on line of plough-culture, even though the restriction such as the idea of religious origin exists, it is thought that the logic suggesting the development from hoe- to plough-culture(mixed husbandry) exist in the ideas of culture-complex and religious origin. Less