A STUDY ON MAKING CLEAR OF THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF EDUART HAHN'S "THEORY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT"

哈恩的农业发展理论对调节日本农业制度的特点产生了很大的影响，但这一理论还没有得到足够的系统研究。在理论上由农场组织的分类、农场组织的发展顺序和(3)文化情结和宗教根源的观点组成。第一种理论是将世界农业组织划分为渔猎型、锄耕型、种植型、园林型、耕耕型等六种类型。二是将这些类型作为历史关系来理解，并对其进行排序，如从采集文化到锄地文化的演变，从锄地文化到犁地文化和园地文化的发展等。根据艾德·哈恩的说法。由于日本制度属于园林文化，其发展路径与欧洲耕作文化不同。但是，如果把园林文化纳入耕田文化的范畴，日本耕田文化体系就有可能在耕田文化的基础上进一步发展。进而，在考察犁文化起源于锄地文化的情况下，将犁文化理解为一种文化情结。将这些因素划分为一些因素（饲养牛，犁，谷物等），并寻找这些因素的起源，并将这些因素的起源回归到宗教。因此，特别是从锄头文化到犁头文化的发展是由文化情结和宗教起源的主张所证明的，两者是密切相关的。然而，由于从农业地理学的角度对第二种理论的认真思考和对宗教起源观念的严厉批判，对第三种理论的兴趣非常微弱，但是，如上所述，如果日本制度有可能在耕作文化的道路上发展，即使存在宗教起源观念等限制。从文化情结和宗教渊源的观点来看，从锄头文化到犁头文化（混合农业）发展的逻辑是存在的。少

Ed. Hahn's theory of agricultural development that greatly affects to regulate the characteristics of Japanese system of farming, but that has been not enough examined systematically. is theoretically composed of classification of farm organization, developing order of farm organization and (3)ideas of culture-complex and religious origin. The first theory is to classify the world farm organization into the six types such as hunting and fishing, hoe-, plantation-, garden-, plough-culture etc. The second is to understand these types as historical relations, and to order these such as the evolution from gathering to hoe-culture, the development from hoe- to plough- and garden-culture so on. In this case, according to Ed. Hahn. as Japanese system belong to garden-culture, so its developing route is different with European one so as plough-culture. But, if it is understood that garden-culture is included in the category of hoe-culture, Japanese system included in hoe-culture is possible to … More develop on line of plough-culture. Further, in case of examination that plough-culture is originated from hoe-culture, the third is to understand plough-culture as a kind of culture-complex. to divide these into some elements( feeding of cattle, plough, cereals so on) and to search these origins, and to return the origins of these elements to religion. Thus, as especially the development from hoe- to plough-culture is given proof by the advocation of ideas of culture-complex and religious origin, both is related closely. However, as results of serious considerations of the second theory from viewpoint of agricultural geography and severer criticism on the idea of religious origin, the interest on the third theory is very slight, but, as above mentioned, if Japanese system has the possibility to develop on line of plough-culture, even though the restriction such as the idea of religious origin exists, it is thought that the logic suggesting the development from hoe- to plough-culture(mixed husbandry) exist in the ideas of culture-complex and religious origin. Less