Effects on public agreement by package approaches in urban transportation management schemes

发展综合城市运输系统，以实现多种目标，例如环境保护、交通效率、安全和公平的运输服务、一揽子的各种运输计划和政策；即包装好的“大棒加胡萝卜”或“推拉”措施将是实现这些措施的基础。套餐方案与政策之间存在资金、行程支持、补偿、空间再分配等关系。在采用这些一揽子办法的情况下，公众接受问题变得越来越重要，因为这些计划和政策对用户和居民都有优点和缺点。在这个项目中，调查人员分析了公众对交通需求管理方案和政策的态度，并通过采用个人实用新型来开发用户接受模型，以阐明打包方法的效果。问卷调查对象是拥有25万人口的德岛市居民，通过对个人环境意识和交通问题的回答进行因子分析，将人们根据个人生活方式分为5类。作者发现，这些生活方式群体对TDM计划和政策的态度存在很大差异。这一发现在接受和模态变化的情况下都是正确的。为了确定个人对各种方案套餐的接受态度的影响，引入了随机实用新型。该模型根据个人属性（生活方式、当前模式选择、年龄、性别等）和套餐的特征来估计套餐的接受概率。

For developing an integrated urban transport system aiming at multiple objectives, such as environmental protection, traffic efficiency, safety and equity for transport service, packages of various kind of transport schemes and policies ; that is packaged "stick and carrots" or "push and pull" measures will be the basis to realize them. Packages have the relationship of finance, trip support, compensation, and space re-allocation between schemes and policies. Public acceptance issues become increasingly important in case of introducing these package approaches, because such schemes and policies have both merits and demerits for users and residents.In this project, investigators analyzed public attitudes towards schemes and policies of transport demand management and developed user acceptance model by employing a personal utility model to clarify the effects of the packaged approaches.The questionnaire survey was carried out for residents of Tokushima city which has a population of a quarter million, By employing factor analysis using answers regarding personal awareness of environmental and traffic issues, people can be classified into 5 groups according to their personal lifestyle. The authors found that the attitudes toward TDM schemes and policies are quite different between these lifestyle groups. This finding was true for in case of both acceptance and modal change.The random utility model was introduced in order to ascertain effects of the personal acceptance attitudes toward packages of various kinds of schemes. This model estimates acceptance probability for the package of schemes from personal attributes (lifestyle, present modal choice, age, sex, etc) and characteristics of packages.