Effects on public agreement by package approaches in urban transportation management schemes

为了发展一个以环境保护、交通效率、交通服务安全和公平等多重目标为目标的综合城市交通系统，一揽子的各种交通方案和政策，即一揽子的“大棒加胡萝卜”或“推拉”措施将是实现这些目标的基础。套餐在方案和政策之间具有财务、出行支持、补偿和空间重新分配的关系。在引入这些一揽子方案时，公众接受问题变得越来越重要，因为这些方案和政策对用户和居民都有好处和坏处。在本项目中，调查人员分析了公众对交通需求管理方案和政策的态度，并通过个人效用模型建立了用户接受模型，以阐明包装方法的效果，并进行了问卷调查对于拥有25万人口的德岛市的居民，通过使用关于个人对环境和交通问题的认识的回答的因子分析，可以根据他们的个人生活方式将人们分为5组。作者发现，这些生活方式群体对TDM计划和政策的态度有很大差异。这一发现是真实的情况下，接受和模式的变化。随机效用模型，以确定个人的接受态度对各种方案的包装的影响。该模型从个人属性（生活方式、目前的交通方式选择、年龄、性别等）和方案的特点来估计方案的接受概率。

For developing an integrated urban transport system aiming at multiple objectives, such as environmental protection, traffic efficiency, safety and equity for transport service, packages of various kind of transport schemes and policies ; that is packaged "stick and carrots" or "push and pull" measures will be the basis to realize them. Packages have the relationship of finance, trip support, compensation, and space re-allocation between schemes and policies. Public acceptance issues become increasingly important in case of introducing these package approaches, because such schemes and policies have both merits and demerits for users and residents.In this project, investigators analyzed public attitudes towards schemes and policies of transport demand management and developed user acceptance model by employing a personal utility model to clarify the effects of the packaged approaches.The questionnaire survey was carried out for residents of Tokushima city which has a population of a quarter million, By employing factor analysis using answers regarding personal awareness of environmental and traffic issues, people can be classified into 5 groups according to their personal lifestyle. The authors found that the attitudes toward TDM schemes and policies are quite different between these lifestyle groups. This finding was true for in case of both acceptance and modal change.The random utility model was introduced in order to ascertain effects of the personal acceptance attitudes toward packages of various kinds of schemes. This model estimates acceptance probability for the package of schemes from personal attributes (lifestyle, present modal choice, age, sex, etc) and characteristics of packages.