PALEOEOLOGY OF MARINE BENTHIC ANIMALS AS VIEWD FROM PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE (2000)

对返工、快速埋藏和其他物理干扰的适应被发现是软底悬浮摄食型双壳类生态和进化的主要控制因素。这些适应模式与海侵-海退沉积旋回中的特定位置有关。因此，我们可以通过层序地层学和古生态观察来预测底栖生物化石在沉积旋回中的适应模式。通过使用这些方法，根据我自己的观察和对已发表的信息的检查，在日本从三叠纪到全新世和最近的50多个含化石滨面沉积物中重建了双壳类化石的栖息地。这些结果很好地概括了双壳类栖息地向滨海环境扩展和在这种环境中进化更替的漫长历史。三角类是中生代滨海的主要居住者。例如，在侏罗纪早期，较低的海面环境中居住着一种名为沃格尼亚的三角生物。Nippnitrigonia可能是第一个在上岸沉积中大量出现的双壳类，出现在侏罗世晚期或早白垩世。此外，在白垩纪晚期至中新世之间的某个时间，在下岸面上也出现了性虫科和甘草虫，但它们并没有扩展到上岸面。特别是在日本北部的中新世，与其他具有不同生活方式的双壳类动物一起变得丰富起来，如心脏科、盲螺科、Solenidae和Hiatellidae的成员。

Adaptation to reworking, rapid burial and other physical disturbances is found to be a major control on the ecology and evolution of soft-bottom, suspension-feeding bivalves. These modes of adaptations are linked to specific position in transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycles. Thus, we can predict the mode of adaptation of fossil benthos in the sedimentary cycles by sequence-stratigraphic and paleoecological observations. By using these methods, habitats of fossil bivalves were reconstructed for more than 50 fossiliferous shoreface sediments spanning from the Triassic to Holocene and Recent in Japan, based on my own observations along with examinations of published information. The results well outlined the long history of bivalve habitat expansion to shoreface environments and evolutionary replacement within this environment.Trigoniids were the chief inhabitants of shoreface in the Mesozoic. For example, lower shoreface environments were inhabited by a trigoniid, Vaugonia in the earliest Jurassic. Nipponitrigonia was probably the first bivalve, which appeared in abundance from upper shoreface sediments, and this occurred in the Late Jurassic or early Cretaceous. In addition, venerids and glycymeridids occurred in the lower shoreface, but they but did not expand into the upper shoreface at that time.Members of the Veneridae and Mactridae successfully established their habitats in the upper shoreface sometime between the Late Cretaceous and Miocene. Particularly mactrids became abundant in the Miocene of north Japan, along with other bivalves with various modes of life, such as members of the Cardiidae, Tellinidae, Solenidae and Hiatellidae.