Toroidal Magnetic Confinement of Non-neutral Plasmas

提出了一种新的产生非中性等离子体的方法，即在环形磁剪切位形中注入粒子。这种方法可以应用于各种粒子阱，以及适用于高级聚变的超高β聚变装置。与其他传统电场陷阱相比，该概念具有独特的功能（如潘宁陷阱），总结如下：（1）这种纯磁约束装置可以直接捕获非常高能量的粒子;（2）连续注入粒子能够产生高密度的（布里渊极限）等离子体;（3）具有相反电荷的多物种粒子可以同时被限制。发展的关键问题是（A）应用磁剪切来稳定等离子体和（B）产生混沌诱导的无碰撞扩散来将粒子注入捕获区。利用这个非中性等离子体系统，我们研究了（I）强剪切流等离子体中的新型弛豫态，（II）磁零区粒子运动混沌引起的反常扩散和阻力，（III）剪切流中涡旋的非厄米动力学，（IV）静电不稳定性的磁剪切稳定化。

A new method of producing non-neutral plasmas has been developed with introducing an innovative scheme of injecting particles into a toroidal magnetic shear configuration. This method can be applied to various particle traps, as well as an ultra-high-beta fusion device that is suitable for advanced fusion. Unique features in this concept, in comparison with other conventional electric-field traps (such as the Penning trap), are summarized as follows ; (1) This pure magnetic confinement device can trap very high-energy particles directly ; (2) Continuous injection of particles enables to produce a high-density (up to the Brillouin limit) plasma ; (3) Multi-species particles with opposite charges can be confined simultaneously. The key issues of development were (A) the application of magnetic shear to stabilize the plasma and (B) the production of the chaos-induced collision-less diffusion to inject particles into the trapping region. Using this non-neutral plasma system, we have studied (I) the new-type of relaxed state in a plasma with an intense shear flow, (II) the anomalous diffusion and resistance induced by the chaos of particle motion in magnetic null region, (III) the non-Hermitian dynamics of vortices in a shear flow, and (IV) magnetic shear stabilization of electrostatic instabilities.