Dynamics and Cosmological Evolution of Galaxies and Massive Black Holes

在观测宇宙学最近取得的重大进展的基础上，我们提出了一个天体物理学的DIP项目，用于以色列-MPE联合研究宇宙中星系和大质量黑洞的动力学和宇宙学演化。在过去的十年中，基本的宇宙学参数，如“暗物质”和“暗能量”的宇宙密度已经被准确地确定。这使得人们对暗物质如何坍缩成星系所处的“宇宙网”有了很好的理解。下一个主要步骤将是了解气体（“重子”）成分如何演变成今天存在的螺旋和椭圆星系，包括它们的中心黑洞。这一基本目标是我们所提出的研究的基础。我们有能力取得重大进展，因为我们现在有技术能力直接观察单个原始星系，可以追溯到宇宙大约是现在年龄的十分之一，因为我们可以以前所未有的分辨率研究超大质量黑洞的环境。我们将开展几项相互关联的观测和理论研究，以解决有关最近发现的原始星系的性质和演化的基本问题;超大质量黑洞和星系中恒星形成之间的演化联系;以及关于超大质量黑洞的性质及其在我们银河系中心的环境。我们的研究将有助于理解复杂的物理过程中所涉及的gaflets进化。观测将使用我们（MPE-IR）为这项研究目的开发的开创性成像光谱仪进行。观察，解释和理论工作将由德国和以色列团队在协作协同研究中联合进行。理论工作将部分使用以色列小组成员开发的先进建模工具和方法进行。DIP的支持将使MPE-IR和以色列天体物理学家之间建立良好的科学合作得到重大扩展。

Building on recent major progress in observational cosmology, we propose a DIP project in Astrophysics for joint Israel-MPE research on the dynamics and cosmoiogical evolution of galaxies and massive black holes in the Universe. During the past decade the fundamental cosmoiogical parameters, such as the cosmic densities of "dark matter" and "dark energy" have been accurately determined. This has led to a good understanding of how the dark matter collapses into the "cosmic web" in which galaxies are emedded. The next major step will be to understand how the gaseous ("baryonic") components evolved into the spiral and elliptical galaxies that exist today, including their central black holes. This basic goal underlies our proposed research. We are in a position to make major progress because we now have the technological capability to directly observe individual primordial galaxies dating back to when the Universe was about 1/1 Oth its present age, and because we can study the environments of supermassive black holes with unprecedented resolution. We will carry out several interrelated observational and theoretical studies to address fundamental questions about the nature and evolution of the recently discovered primordial galaxies; the evolutionary connections between supermassive black holes and star-formation in galaxies; and about the properties of the supermassive black hole and its environment in the center of our Milky Way galaxy. Our research will contribute to the understanding of the complex physical processes involved in gafaxy evolution. Observations will be carried out using pioneering imaging spectrometers that we (MPE-IR) are developing for the purposes of this research. Observational, interpretational, and theoretical work will be carried out jointly by the German and Israeli teams in collaborative synergistic research. Theoretical work will be carried out, in part, using sophisticated modeling tools and methods developed by the Israeli team members. DIP support will enable a major expansion of a well established scientific collaboration between MPE-IR and Israeli astrophysicists.