3D distribution of cosmic rays in the Galaxy, anisotropic diffusion, computation of the proton spectrum along the Sun's orbit, heliospheric modulation of interstellar proton spectra

有证据表明，太阳系的银河系环境在地球上存档。然而，地球受到日光层的保护，无法与星际环境直接接触。从能够穿透这一屏蔽层的对地球的不同影响来看，只有宇宙射线的通量变化可以从地球档案中读出，即宇宙成因同位素的存放处，即冰芯、沉积物或陨石。拟议的研究旨在计算银河宇宙射线质子通量的变化，其能量最高可达沿着太阳在银河系中的轨道并通过其旋臂的100 GeV。从这样的模拟，包括各向异性扩散，产生的本地星际光谱，被用来作为输入到我们的运输和调制模型，以确定在地球轨道上的宇宙射线通量。通过这种方式，我们将（一）提供宝贵的投入，目前的辩论银河宇宙射线的星际-地球关系的意义，（二）给新的洞察力的确定性的低能量端的星际质子光谱从航天器数据，和（iii）贡献的限制日光层的结构。

There is evidence that the galactic environment of the Solar System is archived on Earth. The Earth is, however, shielded by the heliosphere from a direct contact with the interstellar environment. From the different influences onto Earth that can penetrate this shield, only the flux variations of cosmic rays can be read off terrestrial archives, namely the depositories of cosmogenic isotopes, i.e. ice-cores, sediments, or meteorites. The proposed research has the aim to compute the variation of the flux of galactic cosmic ray protons with energies up to 100 GeV along the Sun’s orbit in the Galaxy and through its spiral arms. The local interstellar spectra resulting from such a simulation, including anisotropic diffusion, are used as an input into our transport and modulation models in order to determine the cosmic ray flux at Earth orbit. This way we will (i) provide valuable input to the present debate on the significance of galactic cosmic rays for the interstellar-terrestrial relations, (ii) give new insight into the determinability of the low energy end of the interstellar proton spectrum from spacecraft data, and (iii) contribute constraints for the structure of the heliosphere.