3D distribution of cosmic rays in the Galaxy, anisotropic diffusion, computation of the proton spectrum along the Sun's orbit, heliospheric modulation of interstellar proton spectra

有证据表明，太阳系的银河环境保存在地球上。然而，地球受到日光层的保护，不能与星际环境直接接触。从可以穿透这个屏蔽物的对地球的不同影响来看，只有宇宙射线的流量变化可以从陆地档案中读取，即宇宙成因同位素的储存库，即冰芯、沉积物或陨石。这项拟议的研究旨在计算银河系宇宙线质子通量随能量高达100GeV的变化，沿着太阳在银河系的轨道和通过其螺旋臂。由这种模拟产生的本地星际光谱，包括各向异性扩散，被用作我们的运输和调制模型的输入，以便确定地球轨道上的宇宙射线通量。这样，我们将(1)为目前关于银河系宇宙射线对星际-地球关系的重要性的辩论提供有价值的投入，(2)对来自航天器数据的星际质子谱低能端的可测性提供新的见解，以及(3)对日光层的结构作出限制。

There is evidence that the galactic environment of the Solar System is archived on Earth. The Earth is, however, shielded by the heliosphere from a direct contact with the interstellar environment. From the different influences onto Earth that can penetrate this shield, only the flux variations of cosmic rays can be read off terrestrial archives, namely the depositories of cosmogenic isotopes, i.e. ice-cores, sediments, or meteorites. The proposed research has the aim to compute the variation of the flux of galactic cosmic ray protons with energies up to 100 GeV along the Sun’s orbit in the Galaxy and through its spiral arms. The local interstellar spectra resulting from such a simulation, including anisotropic diffusion, are used as an input into our transport and modulation models in order to determine the cosmic ray flux at Earth orbit. This way we will (i) provide valuable input to the present debate on the significance of galactic cosmic rays for the interstellar-terrestrial relations, (ii) give new insight into the determinability of the low energy end of the interstellar proton spectrum from spacecraft data, and (iii) contribute constraints for the structure of the heliosphere.