3D distribution of cosmic rays in the Galaxy, anisotropic diffusion, computation of the proton spectrum along the Sun's orbit, heliospheric modulation of interstellar proton spectra

有证据表明，太阳系的星系环境被保存在地球上。然而，地球受到日球层的保护，无法与星际环境直接接触。从能够穿透这层保护层的对地球的不同影响来看，只有宇宙射线的通量变化才能从地球档案中读出，即宇宙成因同位素的储存库，即冰芯、沉积物或陨石。这项研究的目的是计算能量高达100 GeV的星系宇宙射线质子沿着太阳在银河系的轨道和通过它的螺旋臂的通量的变化。由这种模拟产生的本地星际光谱，包括各向异性扩散，被用作我们的传输和调制模型的输入，以确定地球轨道上的宇宙射线通量。通过这种方式，我们将(i)为目前关于星系宇宙射线对星际-地球关系的重要性的辩论提供有价值的输入，（ii）从航天器数据中对星际质子谱低能端的可确定性提供新的见解，以及（iii）为日球层的结构提供约束。

There is evidence that the galactic environment of the Solar System is archived on Earth. The Earth is, however, shielded by the heliosphere from a direct contact with the interstellar environment. From the different influences onto Earth that can penetrate this shield, only the flux variations of cosmic rays can be read off terrestrial archives, namely the depositories of cosmogenic isotopes, i.e. ice-cores, sediments, or meteorites. The proposed research has the aim to compute the variation of the flux of galactic cosmic ray protons with energies up to 100 GeV along the Sun’s orbit in the Galaxy and through its spiral arms. The local interstellar spectra resulting from such a simulation, including anisotropic diffusion, are used as an input into our transport and modulation models in order to determine the cosmic ray flux at Earth orbit. This way we will (i) provide valuable input to the present debate on the significance of galactic cosmic rays for the interstellar-terrestrial relations, (ii) give new insight into the determinability of the low energy end of the interstellar proton spectrum from spacecraft data, and (iii) contribute constraints for the structure of the heliosphere.