Development of Eco-Farming System in the Northern Thailand

研究项目资助国际科学研究项目“泰国北方生态农业系统的发展”是九州东海大学农学院和泰国Maejo大学农业生产系的合作研究项目。该项目于1997年开始，在日本财政年度于1999年结束。在这3年中，九州东海大学共有17名研究科学家访问了北方泰国，包括农学，果树学，蔬菜和观赏作物科学，植物育种，昆虫学，植物病理学和农业经济学等各个研究领域。本项目邀请了日本前条大学的15名科研人员赴日本熊本进行研究，主要研究成果如下：1。农业领域：泰国农作物生产的产量限制主要是供水、病虫害。多方面分析 ...更多信息 尽快解决上述问题是必要的。我们访问了几个农民的田地和农业研究所，与Maejo大学的农学家讨论了开展可持续农业和增加作物产量的可能性。建议在今后的工作中进一步开展调查研究工作.植物育种场：我们正在收集来自日本各地和包括泰国在内的一些外国的结缕草属物种的种质，并将其用作育种的遗传资源，以开发万年青类型。利用休眠期短的泰国生态型和抗寒的日本生态型进行杂交，并进行了试验栽培研究.昆虫学领域：我们与Maejo大学的科学家就可持续农业下如何利用天敌的基本信息交换了意见。调查了稻田害虫天敌的区系，并对稻田中种群密度较高的蜘蛛进行了调查。为了寻找园艺作物的有效授粉者，我们对泰国北方的野生蜜蜂区系进行了调查。共采集到10种，隶属于4科6属.果树学领域：该项目调查了泰国北方的热带水果生产、主要品种和商品在当地市场的流通情况。特别是引进了柑橘的优良品种橘柚和芒果矮化系，用于培育新品种和建立新的农业技术.蔬菜和观赏作物科学领域：我们的项目的目的是应用我们从日本西表岛的前一个项目中获得的知识，作为野生兰花保护的典范。为了保护或取代人工繁殖的植物，有时会破坏自然栖息地。泰国野生兰花Spathoglottis的同工酶分析显示了种内变异，提示我们必须重视种内变异.植物病理学领域：在泰国北方山区，它一直在促进为居住在这些地区的山地部落生产一些蔬菜、观赏作物和果树。我们发现了一些土壤传播的真菌和细菌疾病的发生。为了在不使用农药的情况下防治这些病害，我们强烈建议使用从这些地区的土壤或植物中分离的生物防治剂。农业经济领域：在泰国，由于农产品价格的大幅波动，农民面临着严重的农业经济问题。指出要解决这些农业经济问题，必须对营销体系与营销信息的关系进行研究。切实分析营销信息对农民的重要作用是很重要的。少

Research Project Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research Project entitled "Development of Eco-Farming System in the Northern Thailand" is the cooperative research project between School of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai University and Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Thailand. The project initiated at 1997 and terminated at 1999 in Japanese fiscal years. During these 3 years, from Kyushu Tokai University, total of 17 research scientists including various research field such as Agronomy, Pomology, Vegetables and Ornamental Crops Science, Plant Breeding, Entomology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural Economics were visited to Northern Thailand. From Maejo University, total of 15 research scientific staffs were invited to Kumamoto, Japan.The major research results obtained from this project are summarized as followings :1. Agronomy Field : Yield constraints in crop production in Thailand are mainly water supply, disease and insect damage. Analyses from many aspect … More s are necessary to solve above problems as soon as possible. We visited several farmers' field and agricultural institutes to discuss the possibility of conducting sustainable agriculture and increasing crop production with agronomists 0f Maejo University. It was suggested that further investigation and research work are need in our near future.2. Plant Breeding Field : We are collecting germplasm of Zoysia species from all over Japan and in some foreign country including Thailand, and used as genetic resources for breeding to develop an evergreen type. We had some hybrids between collected ecotype in Thailand, which has short dormancy and collected ecotype in Japan, which has cold resistance, and research the test cultivation of them.3. Entomology Field : We exchanged views with the basic information how we can utilize of natural enemies under the sustainable agriculture to scientists of Maejo University. We investigated the fauna of natural enemies to rice insect pests, and spiders that population density is relatively high in paddy field. And in order to search for effective pollinators for horticultural crops, we made a survey of wild bee fauna in the Northern Thailand. As a result, a total of 10 species belonging to 6 genera of 4 families were collected.4. Pomology Field : Tropical fruit production, the leading cultivars and the circulation of commercial products through local markets in the Northern Thailand were surveyed in this project. Particularly, citrus leading cultivars of tangoros and pummelos and mango dwarf lines were introduced to our university farm for producing new cultivars and establishing new agricultural techniques.5. Vegetables and Ornamental Crops Science Field : The purpose of our project is to apply the knowledge which we got from the former project in Iriomote Island, Japan, as a model of the conservation of wild orchid. To conserve or replace the artificially propagated plants to the nature sometimes disturb the natural habitat. Isozyme analysis of wild orchids, Spathoglottis in Thailand showed the intra-specific variation, suggesting that we have to pay attention to the intra-specific variation.6. Plant Pathology Field : In the mountainous areas of the northern Thailand, it has been promoting to produce some vegetables, ornamental crops and fruit trees for hill-tribes lived in those areas. We found out occurrences of some soil-born fungal and bacterial disease. To prevent these diseases without agricultural chemicals, we strongly suggested that the biological control agents, which isolated from soil or plant of those areas, should be utilized.7. Agricultural Economics Field : In Thailand, farmers meet serious agricultural economic problems caused be wide fluctuation of price of agricultural products. I pointed out that researches have to conduct on the relationships between marketing systems and marketing information, to solve these agricultural economic problems. It is important that we practically analyze on the important role of marketing information for farmer. Less