Crop Productivity of Low Input Sustainable Agriculture in the Northeast Thailand

“泰国东北部低投入可持续农业作物生产力”国际科研资助项目是九州东海大学农学院与孔庆大学农学院的合作研究项目。该项目于1994年开始，在日本财政年度于1996年结束。九州东海大学三年来共派遣农学、果树学、园艺学、昆虫学、植物病理学等各个研究领域的研究科学家11人，并邀请孔庆大学的研究科学家共16人，研究领域与九州东海大学相同。本次合作研究活动取得的主要研究成果总结如下：(1)农艺领域：泰国东北部地区，总面积42%为平面。但河流很少，灌溉面积仅占全国的8%。为了建立可持续的作物生产，必须培育引进水稻褐飞虱抗性基因的水稻品种，并持续施用包括动物粪便在内的有机质，以保持和提高土壤肥力。(2)蔬菜和观赏植物生产领域：发现部分甜瓜植物品系与日本甜瓜品种或泰国本土品种的部分葫芦类蔬菜嫁接亲和性较高。在不施用任何农药的情况下，对嫁接甜瓜植株进行了抗病虫害的田间筛选。为选育兰花杂交新品种，从兰花叶组织中分离原生质体，并从分离原生质体中形成茎尖。(3)果树学领域：很明显，芒果树的开花结果与某些营养成分之间存在着密切的关系。随着九州东海大学三倍体柑橘品种的引进，优质无籽三倍体柑橘的选育有望进一步推进。(4)昆虫学领域：通过对泰国东北地区主要害虫的调查，发现钻石背蛾和条纹蚤甲虫是泰国东北地区与日本一样重要的害虫。指出找出水稻主要害虫和部分害虫的天敌及其生态学研究，是目前研究论文中最重要和最紧迫的课题。(5)植物病理学领域：包括水稻纹枯病在内的丝核菌病也是泰国东北部与日本一样重要的病害。在泰国东北部的水稻纹枯病上，鉴定出病原菌主要与日本相同（Rhizoctonia solani AG-1），但也有一些特定的菌株分布在热带地区。少

Monbusho Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research Project entitled "Crop productivity of low input sustainable agriculture in northeast of Thailand" is the cooperative research project between School of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai University and Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University. The project initiated at 1994 and terminated at 1996 in Japanese fiscal years. During these 3 years, Kyushu tokai University despatched total 11 research scientists including various research fields such as Agronomy, Pomology, Horticulture, Entomology and Plant Pathology, and invited total 16 research scientists from Khon Kaen University, including various research fields as same as the scientists despatched from Kyushu Tokai University.The main research results obtained from this cooperative research activities are summarized as follows :(1) Agronomy field : In the northeast district of Thailand, 42% total area is plane., but there are a few river flows and irrifgated areas are only 8% of c … More rop cultivated areas. For establishment of sustainable crop production, it is necessary to breed rice varieties introducing resistant genes of rice brown plant hopper, and to apply continuously of organic matter including excrement from animals for keeping and improving soil fertility.(2) Vegetables and ornamental plants production field : It was found out some strains of melon plants have a heigher grafting compatibility between Japanese melon variety as graft and melon or some cucurbitaceous vegetables of native Thai varieties. The selection of resistant to disease and insect pest from grafted melon plants were conducted in the field without application of any pesticides. For breeding of new hybrid variety of orchid, we were carried out the investigation of isolation of protoplast from leaf tissue of orchid and formation of cullus from isolated protoplast.(3) Pomology field : It is clear that there are some close relationships between flowering and fruiting and some nutrients content of mango tree plant. It is highly expected that breeding of high quality and seedless triploid citrus will advance with introduction of triploid citrus varieties from Kyushu Tokai University.(4) Entomology field : From the investigation of key-pests in northeast Thailand, it is identified that diamond back moth and striped flea beetle are also important pests in northeast Thailand as same as Japan. It is pointed out that to find out the natural enemy and to investigate of ecology on the natural enemy of those key-pests and some insect pests of rice, are the most important and the most urgent for research thesis.(5) Plant Pathology field : Rhizoctonia diseases including rice sheath blight are also important disease of northeast Thailand as same as Japan. On rice sheath blight in northeast Thailand, it is identified that causal fungal strain is mainly as same as Japan (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1), but there are some specfic strains distributed in the tropics. Less