Survey of the Tang Dynasty Cave Temple Buddhist Sculpture Located in Shaanxi Province, China---Focusing on the Cishan-si Grottoes and the Linxiqiao Rock-Carved Buddhas

本研究采用艺术史和考古学的方法，对位于中国陕西省的唐代洞穴寺庙中的佛教雕塑进行了现场调查。本研究的目的是了解长安周边发展起来的唐代佛教雕塑风格，并将这些风格与同一时期（7至9世纪）日本的佛教雕塑进行比较。第一项研究于1998年8月23日至9月13日进行，第二项研究于1999年8月28日至9月18日进行。在中国研究人员的参与下，我们对临游地区的岐山寺石窟和临溪桥遗址的石刻佛像进行了现场调查。这些调查的内容可以总结如下。1)赤山寺石窟3个石窟及10余个壁龛的调查报告、摄影、绘图。2)林西桥佛像：完成了19个生态位的调查。为了调查陡峭悬崖表面的壁龛，临时搭建的脚手架使我们能够全面调查现场。作为调查的一部分，对临游地区的相关历史遗迹、唐代石窟寺、陕西唐北宋石窟寺进行了研究。为了与这一时期其他地区的佛教雕塑风格进行比较，还对河南洛岩龙门石窟及其周围的小石窟遗址进行了调查。在为期两年的研究中，调查材料包括：1)中文和日文调查笔记的组织；2) a) 52张4 × 5彩色透明片，b) 272张6 × 6彩色透明片，c) 261张6 × 6彩色底片，d) 1652张35mm彩色底片；3)与陕西省有关的文献资料清单。项目第一年，陕西考古研究所的张建林先生被邀请于1999年2月21日至3月11日访问日本；项目第二年，西安大学的王世和先生被邀请于1999年11月16日至11月23日访问日本。准备研究报告除了向科研资助机构“研究项目”提交一份关于本研究项目的报告外，还考虑与中国的出版商和其他可能的出版机构联合出版一本日中学术出版物，目前正在进行讨论。少

This research was based on site-surveys using art historical and archaeological methodology on the subject of the Buddhist sculpture located in the Tang dynasty cave temples in Shaanxi province, China. The goal of this research was to understand the Buddhist sculptural styles of the Tang dynasty which developed around Chang'an and to compare these styles with those of the Buddhist sculpture produced during the same period (7th through 9th centuries) in Japan.1. Site Survey The first study was conducted from August 23rd through September 13, 1998, and the second study was conducted from August 28 through September 18, 1999. With the Chinese researchers involved in the project, we conducted on-site surveys at the Cishan-si grottoes in Linyou region, and the rock-carved Buddhas at the Linxiqiao site in the same region. The contents of these surveys can be summarized as follows. 1) Cishan-si grottoes Survey reports were produced, photographs taken, and drawings produced of all 3 caves and … More 10 niches. 2) Linxiqiao Buddhas A survey of all 19 niches was completed. In order to survey the niches set into the sheer cliff face, temporary scaffolding was erected which allowed us to fully survey the site. As a related part of this survey, studies were conducted on the related historical monuments in Linyou region, and of Tang dynasty grotto temples, and the Tang and Northern Song dynasty grotto temples in Shaanxi province. In order to make comparisons with the Buddhist sculptural styles of other regions during this period, surveys were also carried out at the Longmen Grottoes, Luoyan, Henan, and surrounding small grotto sites.2. Survey Materials Organization The survey materials produced during this two-year study include : 1) the organization of survey notes in both Chinese and Japanese ; 2) a) 52 4 x 5 color transparencies, b) 272 6 x 6 color transparencies, c) 261 6 x 6 color negatives, d) 1,652 35mm colornegatives ; 3) a list of documentary materials related to the Shaanxi province came temples.3. Invitations to Chinese Researchers During the first year of the project, Mr. Zhang Jianlin of the Shaanxi Archaeology Institute was invited to visit Japan from February 21 through March 11, 1999, and during the second year of the project, Mr. Wang Shihe of Xibei University was invited to Japan from November 16 through November 23, 1999.4. Preparation of Research Report In addition to the presentation of a report on this research project to the Research Project, Grant-in -Aid for Scientific Research body, a joint Japanese-Chinese scholarly publication is also being considered and discussions are currently underway with publishers in China and other possible publication facilities. Less