Improving patient safety using Virtual Reality (VR) to train and assess emergency personnel responding to a mass casualty incident (MCI)

项目摘要/摘要： 最近的恐怖事件提醒我们，需要协调和有效的应对措施来改善患者状况 安全、受害者生存和急救人员的安全。针对这样的情况进行训练的当前模拟 通常包括纸质案例或大规模伤亡事件(MCI)的模拟再现。这些模拟 通常由急救人员团队组成，对模压模特和 演员。通过增加噪音、烟雾、警报器和媒体等其他分散注意力的东西，演习可以变得更加逼真 以及警察的存在，取决于可用的资源。尽管这些模拟可能是有效的，但它们 建造和维护费用昂贵，通常不能被其他机构复制，其程度各不相同 真实性和逼真度模拟实际事件，并完全依赖人类评价员来评估参与者。 虚拟现实(VR)提供了模拟真实生活场景的高度身临其境的娱乐的机会。虚拟现实 为模拟大规模伤亡事件等复杂场景提供了一种出色的方法，允许 学生、工作人员和急救人员能够在更接近真实生活的环境中进行培训 情况。最近在虚拟现实技术、硬件和软件方面的改进现在使 逼真、高度身临其境的模拟，可供各种受训人员和机构在 具有成本效益的方式。VR系统可以设计为包括实时、自动、公正的评估 是否达到了教育或培训目标。VR系统还能够以较低的成本实现回放功能 而不是MCI的模拟场景模拟。最后，可以将系统设计为提供不同级别的 使用程序变化的困难或可互换的场景。本提案的总体目标是 评估虚拟现实作为模拟大规模伤亡事件的培训和评估工具 并与现有模拟方法进行比较，评估这些模拟方法的有效性。 建议书描述了以下方面的设计、开发、评估、评估、打包和部署 高度身临其境的虚拟现实模拟，可供大学中的各种受训人员使用， 医学院，培训项目，以及当地的消防、安全和急救部门。

Project Summary/Abstract: Recent terrorist incidents remind us of the need for coordinated and effective responses to improve patient safety, victim survival, and the safety of first responders. Current simulations to train for situations like this generally include paper cases or analog recreation of mass casualty incidents (MCI). These simulations typically are comprised of teams of emergency responders triaging a combination of moulaged manikins and actors. The drills can be made more realistic by adding noise, smoke, sirens and other distractions like media and police presence depending on the resources available. Although these simulations may be effective, they are expensive to construct and maintain, are often not duplicable by other institutions, vary in their degree of reality and fidelity simulating the actual event, and rely fully on human evaluators to assess the participants. Virtual reality (VR) offers the opportunity to simulate highly immersive recreations of real life situations. VR provides an excellent approach for simulating complex scenarios such as mass casualty incidents, allowing students, staff, and first responders the ability to train in environments that more closely mimic real-life situations. Recent improvements in VR technology, hardware, and software now enable the creation of realistic, highly immersive simulations that can be utilized by a wide variety of trainees and institutions in a cost-effective manner. VR systems can be designed to include real-time, automated, unbiased assessment of whether educational or training objectives are being met. VR systems also enable replay ability at a lesser cost than analog scenario simulations of MCI. Finally, systems can be designed to provide different levels of difficulty or interchangeable scenarios using procedural variations. The overall goal of the present proposal is to evaluate virtual reality as a training and assessment tool for simulating a mass casualty incident following a subway bombing, and assess the effectiveness of these simulations compared to existing analog approaches. The proposal describes the design, development, evaluation, assessment, packaging, and deployment of a highly immersive virtual reality simulation that can be utilized by a wide variety of trainees at universities, medical schools, training programs, and local fire, safety, and EMS departments.