Project 1 Viral Genomics: surveillance, epidemiology, host response, and viral immunogenicity

这项建议旨在开发新的临床诊断方法，并增加我们对 新出现的SARS相关冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)和其他病毒的多样性、进化和传播 在美国引起呼吸道疾病的病原体。 冠状病毒病2019(新冠肺炎)与轻度至严重的呼吸道疾病有关，可 致命的。这种新的病毒病原体于2019年12月在湖北省武汉市首次发现， 中国在一次与海鲜市场有关的个人肺炎爆发后，一直 遍布全球。该病毒原名为2019年新型冠状病毒，现已更名为严重急性冠状病毒 与呼吸综合征相关的冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)。截至2020年2月10日，这包括40,554 25个国家内的确诊病例和910例死亡1。年已有12例新冠肺炎确诊病例 美国2，其中之一是在马萨诸塞州波士顿发现的一名最近从美国回来的人 CHINA3.随着公共卫生机构继续监测、跟踪并试图控制其传播，最关键的是 他们配备了最有效的工具来检测SARS-CoV-2并将其与其他 类似呼吸道疾病的常见原因。 这项建议解决了在快速发展的新冠肺炎疫情中临床诊断方面的关键差距 通过改进用于筛查大量呼吸道疾病样本的多路复用点护理工具 在公共卫生实验室的环境中。它建立在病毒项目的基因组疾病监测目标上 我们现有的传染病基因组中心(NIAID)，但基于以下原因增加的成本 与疫情应对相关的工作规模。该项目生成的工具专门解决了 在公共卫生实验室层面上的明显需求，并有可能加快他们的调查能力 用于未确诊的呼吸系统疾病。

This proposal is intended to develop novel clinical diagnostics for, and increase our understanding of, the diversity, evolution, and spread of the newly emerged SARS-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory disease-causing pathogens in the United States. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with mild to severe respiratory disease, which can be fatal. The novel viral etiological agent was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China following an outbreak of pneumonia in individuals associated with a seafood market, and has since spread globally. Originally named “2019 novel coronavirus”, the virus has since been renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). As of 10 February 2020, this includes 40,554 confirmed cases and 910 deaths within 25 countries1. There have been 12 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States2, one of which was identified in Boston, MA in an individual who recently returned from China3. As public health agencies continue to monitor, track, and attempt to control its spread, it is most crucial that they are equipped with the most effective tools to detect SARS-CoV-2 and distinguish it from other common causes of similar respiratory illness. This proposal addresses the critical gap in clinical diagnostics amidst the quickly moving COVID-19 outbreak by advancing multiplexed and point of care tools for screening a large number of respiratory disease samples in a public health lab setting. It builds upon the genomic disease surveillance aims of the Viral project within our existing Genomic Centers for Infectious Disease (NIAID), but accounts for the increased costs based on the scale of work related to outbreak response. The tools generated by this project specifically address a glaring need at the public health laboratory level and have the potential to accelerate their investigative abilities for undiagnosed respiratory disease.