Human Placental Morphology, Function, and Pathology: Relationship to Environmental Exposures and Newborn and Child Health

人类胎盘形态、功能和病理学：与环境暴露和新生儿和儿童健康的关系

• 批准号: 10174934
• 负责人: Thomas H Darrah
• 金额: $ 50.48万
• 依托单位: INSTITUTE FOR BASIC RES IN DEV DISABIL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10174934
• 关键词: 1 year old; Ablation; Acute; Affect; Age-Months; Algorithmic Software; Apoptosis; Archives; Arsenic; Birth; Blood; Blood Vessels; Body Size; Cadmium; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Death; Cell Proliferation; Cells; Child; Child Health; Childhood; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Complement; Computerized Medical Record; Conceptus; Copper; Custom; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnostic; Disease; Early identification; Elements; Endothelium; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Fetal Development; Fetus; First Pregnancy Trimester; Fresh Water; Functional disorder; Goals; Growth; Health; Heavy Metals; Histologic; Histopathology; Hour; Human; Hypertension; In Vitro; Individual; Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry; Industrialization; Infant; Infarction; Inflammation; Intervention; Iron; Lasers; Lead; Length; Lesion; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Macrophage Activation; Maternal Health; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic dysfunction; Metabolism; Metal exposure; Metals; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Nature; Neonatal; Neonatal Screening; New York; Newborn Infant; Nutrient; Obesity; Oceans; Outcome; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Pathology; Perfusion; Personal Satisfaction; Placenta; Placental Toxicity; Placentation; Population; Positioning Attribute; Pregnancy; Recording of previous events; Resources; Risk; Role; Sample Size; Sampling Studies; Serum Markers; Site; Slice; Slide; Soil; Spatial Distribution; Specificity; Spottings; Structure; Testing; Third Pregnancy Trimester; Thrombosis; Tissue Sample; Tissues; Toxic effect; Triad Acrylic Resin; Weight; Zinc; cell type; cohort; cryogenics; ethnic diversity; exposure pathway; fetal; fetus at risk; health record; in utero; inflammatory marker; innovation; intrauterine environment; male; metabolic profile; metal poisoning; mortality; neonatal health; novel; obesity development; obesity risk; obesogenic; offspring; overweight child; perinatal outcomes; placental morphology; prenatal; prenatal exposure; prevent; response; screening program; screening services; sex; systemic inflammatory response; therapy design; therapy development; tissue archive

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Metal exposures are common as are their pernicious effects on human health. Of greater concern are their actions on the vulnerable developing fetus. However, even though the placenta is available from every delivery, few are routinely evaluated. Therefore, we continue to lack sufficient information regarding the mechanisms by which prenatal metals exposures harm the fetus, key steps along the path towards early identification of the at-risk fetus, and intervention to optimize childhood and lifelong wellbeing. There is growing evidence that the intrauterine environment impacts placental development and function to ultimately influence the risk of obesity in offspring. Childhood overweight and obesity are common and important predictors of morbidity and mortality across the life course. The goal is to determine, in a unique, established cohort in which all-placentas were studied and have placental tissue archived, how placental health and function are affected by metal exposures, and the pathways that lead from metals exposures and placental toxicity to altered infant somatic growth and metabolism. Finally, the clinical results will be validated with in vitro explant studies of human placentas, in which metals exposures can be tested for induction of placental cell specific responses. Starting with cutting edge methods that identify, quantitate and localize to specific cell types metals that accumulate in the placenta across gestation, we will use archived placental tissues further to identify placental pathology (including cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and endothelial or macrophage activation) by traditional histologic and immunohistochemical methods, pairing slide digitization and automated custom software algorithms that register serial digitized placental tissue slides to match placental lesions to the presence, quantity and type of metals. Together with maternal, gestational and neonatal data extracted from the electronic medical record, we will move to analyses of newborn dried blood spots collected and archived as part of the Newborn Screening Program of New York State to test for serum markers of inflammation that may result from metals exposures and placental toxicity, and a metabolic profile that we will correlate with placental size, newborn size, and serial child weight for length centiles and growth trajectory to 12 months of age. Lastly our large sample size of 2000 mother-child-placenta triads will allow us to explore sex-dependent effects of metals toxicity in the placenta and in the child. The methods in this proposal provide unprecedented interrogation of the placenta’s role in fetal pathophysiology of metals toxicity, and the development of obesity at age 1 year, a strong predictor of other health risks including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

项目总结/文摘