Prefrontal/motor control of thalamocortical dynamics in auditory active sensing

摘要-摘要： 主动感觉理论认为，感觉信息的获取是由外显运动实现的 行为(例如，扫视扫描)和/或隐蔽的注意操作。理解主动感知至关重要 揭开了大脑与环境相互作用的本质。该中心的项目，包括 人类大脑皮层脑电研究，猴子的侵袭性细胞和细胞回路研究越多，统计/ 计算建模研究了每个分析级别的接口，所有这些都结合在一起来研究电机和 注意系统影响并参与感知。大量的发现表明，丘脑也 在主动感觉中起着核心作用，而且比以前认识到的要复杂得多。这 强调了该中心猴子研究的价值，因为直接接触丘脑是非常重要的 在人类神经生理学中很少见。在该中心进行猴子研究的最后一个原因是 细胞/电路水平的分析弥合了人类ECoG测量和生物物理测量之间的差距 真实感计算建模研究直接检验模型的预测和提高生理学 对人类电生理学发现的解释。 我们的具体目标是：目标1-研究听觉感觉加工中的运动参与。我们将测试 假设1)运动系统是听觉皮质节律的来源，2)运动和前运动 区域有助于积极地抑制分散注意力的信息。目的2-检查丘脑外侧核 大脑皮层同步性和通讯的调制。我们将测试丘脑基质的假设 在听觉皮层的相位重置和节律性夹带中起关键作用。目标3--定义 产生特定皮层脑电信号的神经生理机制。我们将使用层流LFP/CSD和 用于识别产生皮层脑电成分的细胞群体和生理过程的MUA图谱 与人类在相同条件下看到的情况类似。 中心协同：该项目直接与Project 3交互，后者使用相同的听觉任务 人类ECoG研究，以及项目1，该项目使用概念上相似的人类任务，尽管是视觉的 ECOG研究。在核心A的支持下，我们将与项目2进行强有力的互动，以帮助他们实施 层流记录方法，并协调视觉和听觉研究的概念方面。支撑点 通过核心B和项目1和2‘S PI，我们将在我们的猴子身上进行r-fMRI和DTI研究。我们会喂饱你 将数据传输到核心C以供最终共享。最后，我们将向Project 5提供数据，以帮助构建和改进单元电路 计算模型，并随着项目的进展调整我们的研究以测试模型预测。最终， 该中心的研究人员计划将网络和蜂窝电路层面的模型结合起来。

SUMMARY – ABSTRACT: The “Active Sensing” perspective posits that acquisition of sensory information is enabled by overt motor behavior (e.g., saccadic scanning) and/or covert attentional operations. Understanding active sensing is crucial for unraveling the nature of the brain's interaction with the environment. The projects in this Center, including the human ECoG studies, the more invasive cellular and cell circuit studies in monkeys, and the statistical/ computational modeling studies that interface at each level of analysis, all join to investigate how the motor and attentional systems influence and participate in sensing. Numerous findings suggest that the thalamus also plays a central role in Active Sensing and one that is far more complex than previously recognized. This underscores the value of monkey studies in this Center, because direct access to the thalamus is extremely rare in human neurophysiology. A final reason to pursue monkey studies in this center is that investigations at the cellular/circuit levels of analysis bridge the gap between ECoG measurements in humans and biophysically realistic computational modeling studies directly testing models' predictions and sharpening the physiological interpretation of electrophysiological findings in humans. Our specific aims are: AIM 1 - Investigate motor involvement in auditory sensory processing. We will test the hypotheses that 1) the motor system is a source of auditory cortical rhythms, and 2) motor and premotor regions help to actively suppress distracting information. AIM 2 - Examine extralemniscal thalamic modulation of cortical synchrony and communication. We will test the hypothesis that the thalamic Matrix plays a key role in phase reset and rhythmic entrainment in auditory cortices. AIM 3 - Define neurophysiological mechanisms generating specific ECoG signals. We will use laminar LFP/CSD and MUA profiles to identify the cell populations and physiological processes that generate ECoG components analogous to those seen under the same conditions in humans. CENTER SYNERGIES: This project interacts directly with Project 3, which uses the identical auditory tasks in human ECoG studies and also with Project 1, which uses conceptually similar, albeit visual, tasks in human ECoG studies. Supported by Core A, we will interact strongly with Project 2, to aid their implementation of laminar recording methods, and to harmonize conceptual aspects of the visual and auditory studies. Supported by Core B and Project 1 and 2's PIs we will implement r-fMRI and DTI studies in our monkeys. We will feed data to Core C for eventual sharing. Finally, we will provide data to Project 5 to help build and refine cell-circuit computational models, and adjust our studies to test model predictions as the project progresses. Ultimately, the Center's investigators plan to combine models across network and cellular circuit levels.