Prefrontal/motor control of thalamocortical dynamics in auditory active sensing

总结-摘要： “主动感觉”观点认为，感觉信息的获取是由外显运动激活的。 行为（例如，扫视扫描）和/或内隐注意操作。了解主动感知至关重要 来揭示大脑与环境相互作用的本质该中心的项目，包括 人类ECoG研究，更具侵入性的猴子细胞和细胞回路研究，以及统计学/ 计算建模研究，接口在每个层次的分析，所有加入调查如何电机和 注意系统影响并参与感知。大量的研究结果表明，丘脑也 在主动传感中起着核心作用，并且比以前认识到的要复杂得多。这 强调了本中心猴子研究的价值，因为直接进入丘脑是非常困难的。 在人类神经生理学中很罕见在该中心进行猴子研究的最后一个原因是， 细胞/电路水平的分析弥补了人体ECoG测量与生物脑电测量之间的差距 现实的计算建模研究直接测试模型的预测和锐化的生理 人类电生理学研究结果的解释。 我们的具体目标是：目的1 -研究听觉感觉加工中的运动参与。我们将测试 假设1）运动系统是听觉皮层节律的来源，2）运动和前运动 区域有助于主动抑制分散注意力的信息。目的2 -检查丘脑外侧 皮层同步和通讯的调制。我们将检验丘脑基质 在听觉皮层的相位重置和节律夹带中起着关键作用。AIM 3 -定义 产生特定ECoG信号的神经生理机制。我们将使用层流LFP/CSD， MUA谱用于识别产生ECoG组分的细胞群和生理过程 与人类在相同条件下所见的相似。 中心协同：这个项目直接与项目3交互，项目3使用与项目3相同的听觉任务。 人类ECoG研究，也与项目1，它使用概念上相似，虽然视觉，任务在人类 ECoG研究。在核心A的支持下，我们将与项目2进行强有力的互动，以帮助他们实施 分层记录方法，并协调视觉和听觉研究的概念方面。支持 通过核心B和项目1和2的PI，我们将在我们的猴子中实施r-fMRI和DTI研究。我们会进食 数据到Core C以供最终共享。最后，我们将为项目5提供数据，以帮助建立和完善细胞电路 计算模型，并调整我们的研究，以测试模型预测项目的进展。最后， 该中心的研究人员计划将网络和蜂窝电路级的联合收割机模型结合起来。

SUMMARY – ABSTRACT: The “Active Sensing” perspective posits that acquisition of sensory information is enabled by overt motor behavior (e.g., saccadic scanning) and/or covert attentional operations. Understanding active sensing is crucial for unraveling the nature of the brain's interaction with the environment. The projects in this Center, including the human ECoG studies, the more invasive cellular and cell circuit studies in monkeys, and the statistical/ computational modeling studies that interface at each level of analysis, all join to investigate how the motor and attentional systems influence and participate in sensing. Numerous findings suggest that the thalamus also plays a central role in Active Sensing and one that is far more complex than previously recognized. This underscores the value of monkey studies in this Center, because direct access to the thalamus is extremely rare in human neurophysiology. A final reason to pursue monkey studies in this center is that investigations at the cellular/circuit levels of analysis bridge the gap between ECoG measurements in humans and biophysically realistic computational modeling studies directly testing models' predictions and sharpening the physiological interpretation of electrophysiological findings in humans. Our specific aims are: AIM 1 - Investigate motor involvement in auditory sensory processing. We will test the hypotheses that 1) the motor system is a source of auditory cortical rhythms, and 2) motor and premotor regions help to actively suppress distracting information. AIM 2 - Examine extralemniscal thalamic modulation of cortical synchrony and communication. We will test the hypothesis that the thalamic Matrix plays a key role in phase reset and rhythmic entrainment in auditory cortices. AIM 3 - Define neurophysiological mechanisms generating specific ECoG signals. We will use laminar LFP/CSD and MUA profiles to identify the cell populations and physiological processes that generate ECoG components analogous to those seen under the same conditions in humans. CENTER SYNERGIES: This project interacts directly with Project 3, which uses the identical auditory tasks in human ECoG studies and also with Project 1, which uses conceptually similar, albeit visual, tasks in human ECoG studies. Supported by Core A, we will interact strongly with Project 2, to aid their implementation of laminar recording methods, and to harmonize conceptual aspects of the visual and auditory studies. Supported by Core B and Project 1 and 2's PIs we will implement r-fMRI and DTI studies in our monkeys. We will feed data to Core C for eventual sharing. Finally, we will provide data to Project 5 to help build and refine cell-circuit computational models, and adjust our studies to test model predictions as the project progresses. Ultimately, the Center's investigators plan to combine models across network and cellular circuit levels.