Interaction of ambient ammonia and endotoxins with airborne and human nasal microbiome diversity in communities near large-scale poultry feeding operations

项目总结/摘要 由于全国家禽消费量的增加， 俄克拉荷马州东北部的PFO行动正在迅速进行。俄克拉荷马州农业委员会 批准了对PFO施加地理限制的挫折规则。这条规则， 比以前提出的挫折立法，不是基于经验的暴露数据。因为这条规定 自2019年9月15日起，将建造大量新的PFO，或扩大现有的PFO， 在几年内。因此，对受影响社区的环境卫生问题进行调查是必要的。 迫切需要。新的PFO建设浪潮将随之而来，这为一个具有时间敏感性的机会， 在新的PFO储存之前，对环境暴露和微生物组进行基线评估， 在家禽饲养周期的关键时期进行纵向后评估。PFO将污染物排放到 环境大气可以改变环境和人类鼻腔微生物组。最常见的 从家禽环境排放的空气污染物是氨和内毒素，其由以下物质产生： 生产操作、粪肥储存和家禽粪便的土地散布。氨是一种有气味的气体， 是由粪便和尸体的厌氧分解产生的。大量研究表明 暴露于氨会刺激眼睛、鼻子和上呼吸道粘膜， 引起呼吸道疾病。类似地，内毒素，即脂多糖的外膜部分， 革兰氏阴性菌，是一种无味的成分，有助于气道炎症，并发挥作用， 在农业社区所经历的不利呼吸影响中起着重要作用。然而， 来自PFO的空气污染物和使用鼻微生物组的相关生物影响尚未被 在社区参与式研究中进行调查。在这项研究中，我们将调查这些因素， 有助于污染水平的机制，以调节PFO对居民生活的潜在影响 呼吸系统我们的中心假设是，居住在靠近新的PFO的地方， 环境暴露水平，这反过来又会改变鼻腔微生物组模式。这次的两个目标- 敏感的R21是1）评估空气中氨的水平和内毒素颗粒的大小分布， 功能的居民的接近PFO和2），以评估分类群落之间的相互作用 这可能是受污染空气和人类鼻腔微生物组中微生物群的组成。的结果 这项研究将提高目前对空气中高浓度的 来自PFO的污染物改变了空气中微生物群的组成，最终影响呼吸系统健康 通过改变鼻腔微生物组的组成和功能。环境宏基因组学 从这个独特的队列中纵向收集的数据将为未来使用新的多- 组学方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Due to the increase in poultry consumption nationally, the construction of mega-sized poultry feeding operations (PFO) in northeast Oklahoma is proceeding rapidly. The Oklahoma State Board of Agriculture approved a setback rule that imposes geographic restrictions on PFO. This rule, which is much less stringent than the previously proposed setback legislation, is not based on empirical exposure data. Since the rule went into effect on September 15, 2019, a substantial number of new PFO will be built, or existing PFO expanded, within a couple of years. Thus, an investigation of environmental health concerns in the affected community is urgently needed. The wave of new PFO construction that will ensue provides a time-sensitive opportunity for a baseline assessment of environmental exposures and microbiomes before the new PFO are stocked, followed by longitudinal post-assessments at critical times in the poultry raising cycle. PFO emit contaminants into the ambient atmosphere that can change the environmental and human nasal microbiome. The most common airborne contaminants emitted from poultry environments are ammonia and endotoxin, which is generated by production operations, manure storage, and land spreading of poultry litter. Ammonia is an odorous gas that results from the anaerobic decomposition of manure and carcasses. Numerous studies have found evidence that exposure to ammonia can irritate the eyes, nose, and mucous membranes in the upper respiratory tract, causing respiratory diseases. Similarly, endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide part of the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria, is an odorless component that contributes to airway inflammation and plays a significant role in the adverse respiratory effects experienced in agricultural communities. Yet, the link between airborne contaminants from PFO and the related biological impact using a nasal microbiome have not been investigated in community-based participatory research. In this study, we will investigate the factors and mechanisms contributing to contamination levels to modulate the potential impact of PFO on residents' respiratory systems. Our central hypothesis is that living closer to a new PFO will be associated with a higher level of environmental exposure, which in turn will alter nasal microbiome patterns. The two goals of this time- sensitive R21 are 1) to assess levels of ammonia and size distribution of endotoxin particles in the air as a function of the resident's proximity to PFO and 2) to assess the interaction between the taxonomic community composition of the microbiota in the contaminated air and in the human nasal microbiome. The results of this study will enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms by which elevated levels of airborne contaminants from PFO alter the composition of the microbiota in air, eventually impacting respiratory health through changes in the composition and function of the nasal microbiome. The environmental metagenomics data longitudinally collected from this unique cohort will provide support for future studies using novel multi- omics approaches.