Evaluation of an Explicit Approach to Teach Grammatical Forms to Children with Language Impairment

项目摘要 建议的研究是一项随机临床试验，采用序贯多重分配 随机试验(SMART)研究设计。这项研究将直接比较一种药物的疗效 创新干预，结合显性和隐性方法，以传统的隐性 发展性语言儿童真实语法形式教学的治疗方法 精神障碍(DLD)。这项研究还将比较包括显性- 已添加和仅限隐式处理。参与者将包括5至8岁的儿童，他们患有 存在严重语法缺陷的DLD。在第一阶段，155名参与者将 随机1：1分为外显附加治疗组或单纯内隐治疗组。每个人 参与者将完成针对四种独特语法形式的32个会话(8个会话/表单)。 在第二阶段，“大师”将被重新随机化，不接受相同治疗的32个疗程 治疗，或32个疗程的替代治疗。《非大师》将被重新随机化为 接受相同治疗的32个额外疗程或替代治疗的32个疗程。 将根据获得的获取、维护和推广探头来衡量性能 干预后即刻、1个月、6个月和12个月。智能书房设计将用于 确定儿童因素，包括表达和接受语言的能力，非语言智商， 而执行功能技能可以可靠地预测优化的治疗顺序 语言学习。研究结果将有助于确定最佳顺序方法 改善语法缺陷，这是幼儿语言能力的核心缺陷之一 减损。

Project Summary The proposed study is a randomized clinical trial that uses a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study design. The study will directly compare the efficacy of an innovative intervention that combines explicit and implicit approaches to a traditional implicit treatment approach to teach true grammatical forms to children with developmental language disorder (DLD). The study will also compare interventions that include sequences of Explicit- added and Implicit-only treatments. Participants will include 5- through 8-year-old children with DLD who present with significant grammatical weaknesses. In Phase 1, 155 participants will be randomized 1:1 to an Explicit-added treatment group or an Implicit-only treatment group. Each participant will complete 32 sessions targeting four unique grammatical forms (8 sessions/form). In Phase 2, “Masters” will be re-randomized to receive no treatment 32 sessions of the same treatment, or 32 sessions of the alternative treatment. “Non-Masters” will be re-randomized to receive 32 additional sessions of the same treatment or 32 sessions of the alternative treatment. Performance will be measured on acquisition, maintenance, and generalization probes obtained immediately,1-, 6-, and 12- months post-intervention. The SMART study design will be used to determine if child factors, including expressive and receptive language abilities, nonverbal IQ, and executive function skills can reliably predict the treatment sequence that optimizes language learning. Study results will help to determine the best sequence approach to ameliorate grammatical weaknesses, one of the core deficits of young children with language impairment.