Hydrogen Storage and TRansport using Ammonia - HYSTRAM

在欧盟寻求大幅减少温室气体排放和限制化石燃料使用的过程中，氢气是一个重要因素。然而，氢的储存和运输面临着重大挑战，这阻碍了它作为一种替代和零排放燃料的广泛应用。作为气体储存氢气通常需要高压储罐(高达700巴储罐压力)；作为液体储存氢气需要低温温度，因为氢在一个大气压下的沸点是-25C。因此，对于一些应用来说，如果氨能够有效地生产，它就会成为一个相当重要的载体。传统上，生产受到热力学的限制，这需要很高的合成压力和温度。因此，NH3是集中/大规模生产的。HySTrAm建立在开发物理氢气存储材料、实现短期存储(缓冲可再生能源动态)以及灵活的低压NH3的三个结构基石的基础上：降低Ru含量的催化剂、高温NH3吸附剂和感应加热支持授予(最佳)响应性。该项目将展示一个紧凑的集装箱式氨合成系统，该系统基于两个主要的连续阶段：1)一个短期储存氢气容器，它将用作储存和运输电解产生的氢气的缓冲器。在氢气容器内，将通过机器学习技术识别和优化新的超多孔材料2)基于改进的Haber-Bosch流程的氨合成反应器，在该反应器中，存储的氢气将使用HySTrAm开发的新型催化剂和吸附剂与氮气反应生成氨。

Hydrogen is an important factor in the EU quest to drastically reduce GHG emissions and curb its use of fossil fuels. The storage and transport of hydrogen, however, faces important challenges which hinder its broad application as an alternative and zero emission fuel. Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (up to 700 bar tank pressure); storage of hydrogen as a liquid requires cryogenic temperatures because the boiling point of hydrogen at one atmosphere pressure is -253C. Therefore, for several applications, ammonia rises as a rather prominent vector if it can be produced efficiently. The production is traditionally bound by the constraints of thermodynamics, which require high synthesis pressures, as well as temperatures. Thus, NH3 is produced centralised/large-scaled. HySTrAm builds on developing physical H2 storage materials, enabling short term storage (buffering renewables dynamics), as well as the 3 structural corner stones of flexible low pressure NH3: decreased Ru content catalysts, high temperature NH3 sorbents and induction-heated support granting (optimal) responsiveness. The project will demonstrate a compact containerised ammonia synthesis system which is based on two main consecutive stages:1) A short-term storage hydrogen vessel which will serve as a buffer to store and transport the hydrogen produced by electrolysis. Within the hydrogen vessel, new ultraporous material will be identified and optimised through machine learning technology 2) An ammonia synthesis reactor based on an improved the Haber-Bosch process where the stored hydrogen will react with nitrogen to form ammonia using the novel catalysts and sorbents developed in HySTrAm.