Developmental Linkages Between Parenting Behaviors and Child Externalizing Behaviors From Early Childhood to Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Child Executive Functions and Self-Regulation

7.项目摘要/摘要 青春期是神经可塑性的关键窗口，当环境输入，如父母教养，可能会有 对青少年行为和自我调节能力的重大影响，但对父母养育作用的研究 行为一直局限于儿童早期的影响。尽管一些研究已经证明了 青少年特有的父母教养方式对自我调节和外化行为的影响，到目前为止还没有研究使用 国家纵向抽样调查，从年初开始系统地审查这些发展联系 从童年到青春期。因此，目前尚不清楚父母教养是否会影响外化行为 潜在的自律能力是持久的(即，从年轻时继承下来的)，或者如果是独一无二的 青少年特有的影响正在发挥作用。此外，养育子女的潜在机制是什么？ 在整个发展过程中，行为影响儿童的外化行为？为解决这些问题，建议的 这项研究将使用NICHD关于早期儿童保育和青少年发展研究的现有纵向数据 (SECCYD)(A)审查三种育儿行为和儿童执行力之间的交易联系 儿童早期到青春期的功能、自我调节和外化行为 每种育儿行为和子女结果组合的双变量交易模型；和(B)评估 儿童执行功能和自我调节在父母教养机制中的中介作用 从儿童早期到青春期，行为都会影响儿童的外化行为。通过确定是否 父母养育行为可以发挥独特的青少年特有的影响，并描绘影响的机制 关于不同发展阶段的育儿行为，这项拟议的研究将促进当前对 育儿效果和促进发展更有针对性的基于育儿的干预超越早期 童年。这项研究的结果将为未来纵向研究的设计提供参考 社会经济学和种族多样性的样本，以探索基于以下因素的育儿效果的差异 社会人口学和背景因素，并使用双胞胎或收养研究设计来分离遗传和 对环境的影响。

7. Project Summary/Abstract Adolescence is a critical window of neuroplasticity when environmental inputs such as parenting can have a significant impact on adolescent behavior and the ability to self-regulate, yet research on the role of parenting behaviors has been limited to early-childhood effects. Although some studies have documented effects of adolescent-specific parenting on self-regulation and externalizing behaviors, no study to date has used a national longitudinal sample to examine these developmental linkages in a systematic manner from early childhood to adolescence. As such, it remains unclear whether parenting effects on externalizing behaviors and underlying self-regulatory abilities are enduring (i.e., carried forward from younger years), or if unique adolescent-specific effects are in play. Further, what are the underlying mechanisms by which parenting behaviors affect child externalizing behaviors across development? To address these questions, the proposed study will use existing longitudinal data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to (a) examine the transactional linkages between three parenting behaviors and child executive functions, self-regulation, and externalizing behaviors from early childhood to adolescence by using separate bivariate transactional models for each parenting behavior and child outcome combination; and (b) assess the mediating roles of child executive functions and self-regulation in the mechanistic pathway by which parenting behaviors affect child externalizing behaviors from early childhood to adolescence. By identifying whether parenting behaviors can exert unique adolescent-specific effects and delineating the mechanisms of influence of parenting behaviors across development, the proposed study will advance current understanding of parenting effects and facilitate the development of more-targeted parenting-based interventions beyond early childhood. Findings from the this study will inform the design of future longitudinal studies with socioeconomically and ethnically diverse samples to explore variations in parenting effects based on sociodemographic and contextual factors, and use of twin or adoption study designs to disentangle genetic and environmental effects.