Advancing measurement and scoring methods for testing mediation models of substance use

项目总结/摘要 关于药物使用的代际传递的研究旨在确定各种机制， 调解人连接父母的物质使用，一个既定的风险因素，青少年物质使用。 父母相关的调解人测量使用多个线人的数据，这使得一个全面的 评估行为，减少任何单一报告者的偏见。然而，目前的分析方法 中介模型中的多个信息提供者数据并没有将不同的方差来源分开， 多个线人评级，这意味着每个父母独特的方差与 这是父母双方共同的差异。因此，对中介效应的估计变得有偏差， 以及由一个方差源引起的效应（例如，父母之间的共同行为）可能是 错误归因于不同的方差源（例如，母亲特有的行为）。因此，我们的 对代际过程的了解和设计有效预防干预措施的能力有限。 为了解决这些局限性，可以使用最近开发的心理测量模型，三因素模型（TFM 解开多个被调查者数据中存在的方差来源，以便进行更准确的估计 关于代际过程的更有效和更具体的实质性结论 在其中TFM将多个线人数据的方差来源分为三个独立的水平： 代表报告者之间共享可变性的公共因子，代表报告者之间共享可变性的视角因子，代表报告者之间共享可变性的视角因子。 每个报告者特有的变异性，以及代表使用 一样的东西。尽管TFM具有巨大的潜力，但尚未在调解范围内对这一模式进行评估。 模型，也不与现有方法相比。此外，该模型是复杂的，并且大多数应用将 需要潜在变量分数，以减少参数的数量，但有一些 获得该模型分数的挑战需要解决。为了扩大 TFM的适用性，拟议的研究将（1）推导出一个单一的中介模型与TFM， 与传统的多信息者方法进行性能比较，（2）将TFM扩展到并行调解 模型和开发因素评分方法，（3）将新的TFM方法应用于实证数据，以检验 父母的监督是物质使用代际传递的媒介。目前的NRSA 该提案提出了一种新的TFM扩展，以便它可以用来揭示特定的机制， 导致青少年吸毒。此外，该研究金将提供建立 本申请人的独立研究计划，在发展定量方法的研究青少年 通过统计调解、基于家庭的药物使用模式 预防科学和研究传播。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Research on the intergenerational transmission of substance use seeks to identify the various mechanisms or mediators which connect parental substance use, an established risk factor, to adolescent substance use. Parent-related mediators are measured using multiple informant data, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of behaviors and reduces bias from any single reporter. However, current methods for analyzing multiple informant data in mediation models do not separate the different sources of variance present in multiple informant ratings, meaning that the variance that is unique to each parent is confounded with the variance that is common across both parents. As a result, the estimates for mediated effects become biased, and effects that are caused by one source of variance (e.g., the common behaviors between parents) may be misattributed to a different source of variance (e.g., maternal-specific behaviors). As a consequence, our understanding of intergenerational processes and ability to design effective preventive interventions is limited. To address these limitations, a recently developed psychometric model, the trifactor model (TFM) can be used to disentangle the sources of variance present in multiple informant data, allowing for more accurate estimates of mediated effects, and more valid and specific substantive conclusions about the intergenerational processes therein. The TFM separates the sources of variance in multiple informant data into three independent levels: a common factor representing the shared variability across reporters, the perspective factors representing the variability unique to each reporter, and the specific factors representing variance arising from the use of the same items. Despite the great potential of the TFM, this model has not yet been evaluated within a mediation model, nor compared to current methods. Moreover, this model is complex and most applications would require latent variable scores in order to reduce the number of parameters, but there are a number of challenges to obtaining scores for this model that would need to be addressed. In order to expand the applicability of the TFM, the proposed research will (1) derive a single mediator model with the TFM and compare performance to traditional multiple-informant methods, (2) extend the TFM to parallel mediation model and develop factor scoring approaches, and (3) Apply novel TFM methods to empirical data to examine parental monitoring as a mediator for the intergenerational transmission of substance use. The current NRSA proposal presents a novel expansion of the TFM so that it may be used to uncover specific mechanisms that lead to adolescent substance use. Further, this fellowship will provide the crucial training needed to establish this applicant's independent research program in developing quantitative methods for the study of adolescent substance use and prevention through training in statistical mediation, family-based models of substance use, prevention science, and research dissemination.