Sustainable Development of a Safe and Biobased Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antiviral Nanocoating Platform (Triple-A-COAT)

人类病原体在生物膜保护下可以在纺织品和高流量表面上持续数小时，数天甚至更长时间，从而增加感染传播的风险。传统的清洁没有持久的效果，因为污染几乎可以立即重新发生。可用的抗微生物涂层主要基于释放银离子和其它杀生物剂，其存在抗性发展和环境破坏的风险。无机纳米粒子也是人类健康的一个问题。纳米纤维素是一种从木浆或生物技术方法中获得的多功能纳米材料，具有优异的涂料物理性能，能够实现抗菌功能的可控和标准化应用。在Triple-A-COAT中，3种形式的纳米纤维素将通过接枝/吸附对细菌、真菌和/或病毒具有优异活性的新型耐药性化合物以及纳米图案化来增强抗微生物/抗病毒活性，以创建生物启发的抗微生物表面。将开发喷涂和薄膜应用，优化对塑料、金属、纺织品和玻璃的粘附性。最有效的涂层将使用ISO标准测试评估抗菌/抗病毒活性，耐久性和无毒性，并在模拟公共汽车环境中超过6个月，以达到TRL 6。还将完成对该平台的生命周期评估。该项目联盟涉及在新型抗菌和抗病毒技术、纳米纤维素生产和功能化、涂料开发和表征方面拥有领先专业知识的公司、学术界和中小企业合作伙伴，以及一家巴士制造商和一个外部用户委员会。在项目结束后的5-10年内，这些成果将商业化，对交通和医疗保健部门产生影响，有助于更好地控制传染病，提高包括中小企业在内的欧盟工业的竞争力和研究领导地位。

Human pathogens can persist on textiles and high-traffic surfaces for hours, days or even longer when protected in biofilms, increasing risk of infection spreading. Conventional cleaning has no lasting effect as contamination can re-occur almost immediately. Available antimicrobial coatings are based mainly on the release of silver ions and other biocides that present risks for resistance development and environmental damage. Inorganic nanoparticles are also a concern for human health. Nanocellulose is a versatile nanomaterial obtained from wood pulp or biotechnological methods, which has excellent physical properties for coatings, enabling controllable and standardised application of antimicrobial functionalities. In Triple-A-COAT the 3 forms of nanocellulose will be augmented for antimicrobial/antiviral activity through grafting/adsorption of novel, resistance-proof compounds with excellent activities against bacteria, fungi and/or viruses, and nanopatterning to create bio-inspired antimicrobial surfaces. Spray coating and thin film applications will be developed, optimising adherence to plastic, metal, textiles and glass. The most effective coatings will be evaluated for antimicrobial/antiviral activity, durability and non-toxicity using ISO standard tests, and in a simulation of a bus environment over 6 months to reach TRL6. A life cycle assessment of the platform will also be completed. The project consortium involves companies, academic and SME partners with leading expertise in novel antimicrobial and antiviral technology, nanocellulose production and functionalisation, coatings development and characterisation, as well as a bus manufacturer and an external User Committee. Within 5-10 years after the end of the project, the results will be commercialized for impact in the transportation and healthcare sectors, contributing to the better control of infectious disease, and boosting the competitiveness and research leadership of EU industry including SMEs