Maternal Genetic Effects Shape Developmental Evolution

母体遗传效应塑造发育进化

• 批准号: 10275728
• 负责人: Christina Zakas
• 金额: $ 37.62万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10275728
• 关键词: Affect; Architecture; Biological Models; Candidate Disease Gene; Databases; Development; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Environment; Evolution; Future; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Epistasis; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Growth; Health; Heritability; Human; Lead; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Oocytes; Organism; Outcome; Phenotype; Population; Process; Research; Role; Shapes; Technology; Transgenic Organisms; Variant; comparative; dimorphism; egg; embryo stage 2; fitness; genetic architecture; genomic data; genomic locus; genomic tools; life history; novel; offspring; programs; transcriptome; transcriptomics

PROJECT SUMMARY Variation in the maternal genome alters the way offspring are provisioned and changes many aspects of their development. These changes in development have cascading effects on the offspring phenotype, life-history, and fitness. Maternal effects have long been recognized as a major factor in development, and the naturally occurring variation across maternal backgrounds has profound potential to alter developmental fates. However, the specific mechanisms and genetic loci involved remain poorly understood. Recently, maternal genetic effects have been recognized as a major contributor to human health and development through maternal-by- zygotic epistatic interactions. Here I use Streblospio benedicti, an emerging model, to understand how maternal genetic effects influence the evolution of developmental programs. S. benedicti produces two distinct offspring types that differ in egg size, embryogenesis, and larval development. Thus, S. benedicti is an intraspecific model for the evolutionarily common transition between indirect and direct development, and it remains the only known organism to have two heritable offspring types. Using S. benedicti I have shown that a transition from indirect to direct development requires the independent evolution and coordination of both maternal and zygotic genomes. Recent advances in transgenics and sequencing technologies have made research on emerging models feasible, and I developed molecular and genomic tools in S. benedicti to answer these crucial questions; I have constructed the genetic map, a fully assembled and annotated genome, transcriptome databases, and methods for making transgenics. The research in this proposal will be the first to investigate the intraspecific genetic basis for evolutionary developmental transitions and will answer long-standing questions of the role of the maternal genome in shaping developmental program. Here I use comparative transcriptomics across the developmental types at the oocyte, embryo, and single-blastomere level, allowing quantification of heterochronic, heterotopic, and heterometric gene expression across different development types. This approach reveals 1) the genomic-level regulatory architecture that alters development, 2) the role of maternal factors in initiating developmental and life-history transitions, and 3) the specific genes involved in these changes. By integrating transcriptomics with population genomic data, I will produce a complementary set of candidate genes involved in evolutionary-developmental transitions, which I will validate in future studies. This proposal leverages the genetically tractable developmental dimorphism in S. benedicti to answer fundamental evolutionary questions at multiple scales, from the molecular to population level. The resulting genetic architecture and loci found within S. benedicti are comparable across divergent organisms. This project will reveal the architecture and genetic mechanisms through which maternal genetic effects shape developmental evolution and lead to novel developmental programs.

项目摘要 母体基因组的变异改变了后代的供应方式，并改变了他们的许多方面。 发展这些发育变化对后代的表型、生活史、 和健身。长期以来，母体效应一直被认为是发育的主要因素， 在母体背景中发生的变异具有改变发育命运的巨大潜力。然而，在这方面， 所涉及的具体机制和遗传位点仍然知之甚少。最近，母亲遗传 影响已被公认为是人类健康和发展的一个主要因素， 合子上位互作在这里，我使用Streblospio benedicti，一个新兴的模型，来了解如何 母体遗传效应影响发育程序的进化。S.贝内迪克蒂生产两个 在卵大小、胚胎发生和幼虫发育方面不同的不同后代类型。因此，S.贝内迪克特是一个 间接和直接发展之间的进化共同过渡的种内模式， 仍然是唯一已知的有两种可遗传后代类型的生物。利用S. benedicti我已经表明， 从间接发展向直接发展的转变，需要两者的独立发展和协调 母本和合子基因组。转基因和测序技术的最新进展使得 研究新兴的模式可行，我开发了分子和基因组工具，在S。benedicti回答 这些关键的问题;我已经构建了遗传图谱，一个完全组装和注释的基因组， 转录组数据库和制备转基因的方法。本提案中的研究将是 第一次调查种内遗传基础的进化发育过渡和将 回答长期存在的问题，即母体基因组在塑造发育过程中的作用， 程序.在这里，我使用比较转录组学在卵母细胞，胚胎， 单卵裂球水平，允许定量异时、异位和异量基因 不同发展类型的表达。这种方法揭示了1）基因组水平的调控 改变发育的结构，2）母体因素在启动发育和生活史中的作用 3）参与这些变化的特定基因。通过将转录组学与人口相结合， 基因组数据，我将产生一组互补的候选基因参与进化发育 转换，我将在未来的研究中验证。这项提议利用了基因上易于处理的 S. benedicti在多个尺度上回答基本的进化问题， 从分子水平到人口水平。由此产生的遗传结构和基因座内发现的S。贝内迪克蒂群岛 在不同的生物体中进行比较。该项目将揭示其结构和遗传机制 通过这种方式，母体遗传效应塑造了发育进化， 发展方案。