Regulation Of Tissue Growth And Morphogenesis By Fat Cadherins

脂肪钙粘附素对组织生长和形态发生的调控 项目摘要 适当大小和形状的最佳功能器官的形成需要精确的生长协调 以及发育过程中的形态发生。进化保守的细胞黏附分子Dachsous和 脂肪通过影响河马信号和平面细胞极性来协调调节组织生长和图案形成 分别进行了分析。这些基因的突变会导致毁灭性的Van Maldergem和Hennekam综合征 以多器官系统的先天性发育缺陷为特征的。此外，这些基因的突变 也与几种癌症有关。然而，我们对它们如何监管的理解存在严重差距 生长和形态发生过程。我们对路径的空间组织知之甚少 建立和维持以及如何协调重塑DS-FAT连接以允许形态发生。 此外，我们对该途径如何调节河马信号缺乏一致的看法。最后，目前还不清楚肥胖程度如何 调节器官的形状。为了解决这些关键的差距，我们将使用果蝇，它提供了一个 稳健的模型系统来研究这一途径。我们最近的工作已经确定了几种新的调节机制 发现了一些有趣的发现，这些发现表明囊泡运输提供了一种重要的 脂肪信号通路的组织中的调节层，这是到目前为止被忽视的一个方面。我们 将研究内吞机制和竞争性抑制物之间复杂的相互作用如何发挥作用 在这一途径的组织中起着关键作用。此外，我们将研究DS-Fat连接是如何重塑的 以机械敏感的方式进行内吞作用以允许形态发生。我们已经确定了一个关键的监管主题 在脂肪细胞质域及其相互作用因子中，它们在脂肪循环到血浆中起着重要作用 薄膜。我们将描述这个基序如何调节细胞膜上的脂肪定位。另外， 我们将研究Fat是如何通过非典型的肌球蛋白Dachs调节河马信号的。最后，我们将检查 脂肪信号如何影响关键的形态原梯度，并结合定量 图像分析以确定在脂肪突变体中介导器官形状改变的关键细胞重排。 这些研究将为脂肪信号通路提供新的机制洞察，并解决几个长期存在的问题 该领域的问题，并将有助于解释这种失调所导致的发育障碍。 路径。

Regulation of Tissue Growth and Morphogenesis by Fat Cadherins Project Summary Formation of optimally functioning organs of appropriate size and shape requires precise coordination of growth and morphogenesis during development. The evolutionarily conserved cell adhesion molecules Dachsous and Fat coordinately regulate tissue growth and patterning by influencing Hippo signaling and planar cell polarity respectively. Mutations in these genes give rise to devastating Van Maldergem and Hennekam syndromes characterized by congenital developmental defects of multiple organ systems. Further, mutations in these genes are also implicated in several cancers. However, there are critical gaps in our understanding of how they regulate growth and morphogenetic processes. We know little about how the spatial organization of the pathway is established and maintained and how the Ds-Fat junctions get coordinately remodeled to allow morphogenesis. Further, we lack a coherent view of how this pathway regulates Hippo signaling. Lastly, it is not clear how Fat regulates organ shape. To address these critical gaps, we will use the fruit fly Drosophila, which provides a robust model system to study this pathway. Our recent work has identified several novel regulators of this pathway and uncovered some intriguing findings, which suggest that vesicular trafficking provides an important layer of regulation in organization of the Fat signaling pathway, an aspect that has been overlooked so far. We will investigate how an intricate interplay between the endocytic machinery and a competitive inhibitor plays a critical role in organization of this pathway. Further, we will investigate how the Ds-Fat junctions get remodeled by endocytosis in a mechanosensitive manner to allow morphogenesis. We have identified a key regulatory motif in the Fat cytoplasmic domain and its interactors, which play an important role in Fat recycling to the plasma membrane. We will characterize how this motif regulates Fat localization at the plasma membrane. Additionally, we will investigate how Fat regulates Hippo signaling through the atypical myosin Dachs. Finally, we will examine how Fat signaling affects the key morphogen gradients and conduct live imaging combined with quantitative image analysis to identify the key cellular rearrangements that mediate organ shape alterations in Fat mutants. These studies will provide novel mechanistic insight into Fat signaling pathway and address several longstanding questions in the field and will help explain the developmental disorders resulting from dysregulation of this pathway.