How do Cortical regions selective for visual scenes develop in human infants?

人类婴儿对视觉场景的选择性皮层区域是如何发育的？

• 批准号: 10299043
• 负责人: Rebecca R Saxe
• 金额: $ 32.78万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-21 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10299043
• 关键词: Adult; Age-Months; Area; Behavioral; Benchmarking; Birth; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Categories; Clinical; Complex; Data; Data Set; Development; Developmental Process; Ecological momentary assessment; Environment; Exposure to; Face; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Habilitation; Head; Human; Immersion; Individual; Infant; Inherited; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Light; Literature; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Motion; Motor; Nature; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Nerve Degeneration; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurologist; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Parietal; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Phase; Photic Stimulation; Predisposition; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rest; Role; Shapes; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; Work; aged; awake; base; developmental disease; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; infancy; innovation; insight; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; novel; preference; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; skills; statistics; theories; visual information; way finding

Project Summary The goal of the proposed work is to study the typical development of the critical ability to recognize and navigate the local visual environment, or ”scene”, which constitutes the bedrock of a healthy, independent, and productive life. A rich behavioral literature in humans has shown that remarkable spatial and navigational abilities are already develop- ing within the first few years of life. Likewise, extensive neuroimaging work has uncovered a network of brain regions dedicated to scene perception and navigation in adulthood. However, there is key knowledge gap about how these regions develop the human brain, particularly during the first year of life. Here we propose to study the typical devel- opment of scene-selective cortex in the awake infant brain using magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Across three aims, we develop and test two competing theoretical frameworks. One framework suggests that early responses to scenes are driven by low-level visual information inherited from earlier visual systems, and that higher-level scene responses are built on these foundations via cumulative passive exposure to visual scenes over time. By contrast, the second framework suggests that early responses to scenes al- ready reflect higher-level information about the navigation-relevant features of scenes, influenced by connectivity with regions beyond the visual system, and that representations of the structure of the scene are specifically enhanced as infants begin to make independent choices of where to go and how. In Aim 1, we will use fMRI in 2-9 month old infants to test when responses to scenes depicting navigational affordances first emerge in the infant cortex; and whether connections guiding the development of the network are primarily from earlier visual areas, or also from areas beyond the visual cortex. In Aim 2, we will use fNIRS and wide-angle immersive displays in 5-11 month old infants to study whether early-emerging functional responses in this system are driven by low-level features (e.g., peripheral visual stimulation) only, or also by higher-level information about the functional relevance of scenes (e.g., for navigation). Finally, in Aim 3, we will quantify infants' ecological passive visual experience with scenes, and how that changes with motor development, in order to ask whether the onset of independent navigation specifically shapes the neural devel- opment of scenes, over and above passive visual experience. The results of this work will yield basic insights into the typical development of cortical scene processing, and shed light on the fundamental debate in development over the relative roles of maturation and experience. This work will also inform clinically focused investigations into how the basic developmental processes studied here go awry in developmental disorders, and hopefully, novel interventions and rehabilitation strategies for individuals who lose these abilities as a result of stroke or neurodegeneration.

项目摘要 这项工作的目的是研究识别和导航的关键能力的典型发展。 当地的视觉环境，或“场景”，构成了健康，独立和富有成效的生活的基石。一 丰富的人类行为学文献表明，人类已经发展出非凡的空间和导航能力- 在生命的最初几年。同样地，大量的神经成像工作揭示了大脑区域的网络， 致力于成年期的场景感知和导航。然而，关于这些问题如何解决， 大脑的各个区域都在发育，特别是在生命的第一年。在这里，我们建议研究典型的发展- 使用磁共振成像（fMRI）和功能成像技术对清醒婴儿大脑中场景选择皮层的开放 近红外光谱（fNIRS）。在三个目标，我们开发和测试两个相互竞争的理论框架。 一个框架表明，对场景的早期反应是由从大脑中继承的低水平视觉信息驱动的。 早期的视觉系统，以及更高层次的场景反应是建立在这些基础上，通过累积被动 随着时间的推移暴露于视觉场景。相比之下，第二个框架表明，对场景的早期反应- 通过与 视觉系统之外的区域，并且场景结构的表示被特别增强， 婴儿开始独立选择去哪里和如何去。在目标1中，我们将在2-9个月大的婴儿中使用fMRI 测试对描绘导航启示的场景的反应何时首先出现在婴儿皮层中;以及 引导网络发展的连接主要来自早期的视觉区域，或者来自更远的区域。 视觉皮层在目标2中，我们将在5-11个月大的婴儿中使用fNIRS和广角沉浸式显示来研究 该系统中早期出现的功能反应是否由低级特征驱动（例如，周围视觉 刺激），或者还通过关于场景的功能相关性的更高级信息（例如，导航）。 最后，在目标3中，我们将量化婴儿对场景的生态被动视觉体验，以及这种体验如何随着 运动发育，以询问独立导航的开始是否特别塑造了神经发育， 在被动的视觉体验之上，这项工作的结果将产生基本的见解， 皮质场景处理的典型发展，并阐明了发展中的基本争论， 成熟和经验的相对作用。这项工作还将告知临床重点调查如何 这里研究的基本发育过程在发育障碍中出现错误，希望能找到新的干预措施 以及针对因中风或神经退化而丧失这些能力的个体的康复策略。